Nostratic etymology : List with all references

Eurasiatic: *ṭVṗV

Meaning: to go through, wade

Altaic: *t`ằp`è

Kartvelian: Georg. ṭoṗ- 'to wade'

Dravidian: *tav-iṛ- / *tiv-aṛ- (?)

References: ND 2394 *ṭaṗV (+ some Cush.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ằp`è

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to go through

Russian meaning: проходить сквозь, через

Turkic: *Top-

Mongolian: *tawul-

Tungus-Manchu: *tap

Japanese: *tǝ̀pǝ̀r-

Comments: Владимирцов 211, Poppe 47, Miller 1981, 854, Street 1985, 640, АПиПЯЯ 67. In Turk. *-ɨ- would be expected; perhaps *topul- is a result of secondary labialization < *tɨpul- (*tɨpol-).

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Top-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go through

Russian meaning: проходить сквозь

Old Turkic: topul- 'to pierce' (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: topul- 'to pierce' (MK, KB)

Khakassian: tobɨr-

Yakut: tobul- 'прорубить, пробить'

Dolgan: tobul-

Karakalpak: topɨl- 'нападать, набрасываться, вторгаться'

Comments: VEWT 489, EDT 440, Stachowski 224.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-hak,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tawul-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go through

Russian meaning: проходить мимо, через

Written Mongolian: tuɣul-, taɣul-, toɣul- (L 766), tauli- (МХТТТ)

Khalkha: tūl-

Kalmuck: tūl-

Ordos: tūl-

Monguor: tụ̄- 'pousser devant soi, emporter (eau, vent)' (SM 427)

Comments: KW 413. Cf. also WMong. taɣura-, Kalm. tūr- 'come through' (KW 413).

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tap

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: through

Russian meaning: через, насквозь

Evenki: tapamnak

Even: tabdịč

Negidal: tap

Ulcha: tap

Orok: tap

Nanai: tap

Solon: tawakki- 'to pierce'

Comments: ТМС 2, 164.

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tǝ̀pǝ̀r-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to go through

Russian meaning: проходить через

Old Japanese: top(w)or-

Middle Japanese: tòfòr-

Tokyo: tṑr-

Kyoto: tṓr-

Kagoshima: tṑr-

Comments: JLTT 770.

japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tav-iẓ- / *tiv-aẓ-

Meaning : to creep, crawl

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tav-

Proto-Telugu : *tem-al-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tav-

Meaning : to creep

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tavaẓ (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to creep, crawl (as infants, lizards, snakes), leap and flow (as waves), extend, traverse, spread on all sides

Tamil derivates : tivaḷ (tivaḷv-, tivaṇṭ-) to move as on the ground

Malayalam : taviẓuka

Malayalam meaning : to creep along

Kannada : tevaḷu

Kannada meaning : to creep along on the ground

Proto-Nilgiri : *tav-

Number in DED : 3109

sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *tav-

Meaning : to go on all fours

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : tof- (tofɵ-)

Number in DED : 3109

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tem-al-

Meaning : to set out, stir, get ready to go, go away, (K also) slip, slide

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : temalu

Number in DED : 3109