Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1765

Root: sk(h)u̯oi̯-, sk(h)u̯i(i̯)-

English meaning: needle, thorn

German meaning: `Nadel oder Dorn von Pflanzen'

Material: Air. scē, Gen. Pl. sciad `Hagedorn' (*sku̯ii̯-at-s); cymr. ysbyddad ds., corn. spethes ↓Brombeerstrauch, Dorngestrüpp', bret. spezad `Stachelbeeren'; lit. skujà `Tannennadel und -zapfen', lett. skujas `Tannenreisig'; russ. chvojá f., chvoj m. `Nadeln und Zweige der Nadelhölzer' (usw.; Berneker 408 erwägt Zugehörigkeit auch von russ. chuj `penis' als *(s)khoui̯os).

References: WP. II 602, Trautmann 268.

Pages: 958

PIE database: PIE database

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *kswAy-, *skwAy-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: needles (of a conifer), thorn

Slavic: *xvojā; *xvojь

Baltic: *skuj-ā̂, -iā̃ f.

Celtic: Ir scē, pl. gen. sciad `Hadedorn' (< *skwija-t-); Cymr ysbyddad `Hadedorn', Corn spethes `Dornstrauch, Gestrüpp'

Russ. meaning: хвоя, колючка

References: WP I 501

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *skuj-ā̂, -iā̃ f.

Meaning: spruce-needle

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: skujà `Nadel (der Nadelhölzer); Tannenzapfen, dial. Fruchtkolben der Nadelbäume', dial. skuje

Lettish: skuja `Tannennadel', pl. skujas `Tannenreiser'

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *c`wVxjV

Meaning: thorn

Indo-European: *ksu̯oi-, *sku̯oj-

Altaic: *ši̯ū̀jò

Uralic: *šuje ~ *šoje

Kartvelian: *cxw-

Dravidian: *sī- 'thorn' (??)

Eskimo-Aleut: *ciʁu-nǝʁ

References: МССНЯ 372, ОСНЯ 1, 197; ND 332 *ć̣uyɣa 'thorn' (Kartv.+IE+TM, but incorrect Turk.+Drav.; ?? + Arab. muṣaʕʕan 'terminé en pointe').

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ši̯ū̀jò

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: thorn, (pine) needle

Russian meaning: колючка, (хвойная) иголка

Turkic: *sojagu

Mongolian: *sojuɣa

Tungus-Manchu: *šǖje

Korean: *sāi

Japanese: *sǝ̀jà

Comments: EAS 72, KW 329, SKE 219.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sojagu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 cock's spur 2 pine needle, toothpick 3 a sharp object

Russian meaning: 1 петушиная шпора 2 сосновая иголка, зубочистка 3 острый предмет

Karakhanid: sojaɣu 1 (MK)

Oyrat: sojoq `mountain top; young horn'

Tofalar: sojā 'wire for pipe-cleaning' (< Mong.?); sojaq `mountain' (ФиЛ 227)

Kirghiz: sojō 3

Kazakh: sojaw 2

Kumyk: sojaw 'a metallic pendant on a Caucasian belt'

Comments: VEWT 425, EDT 859. All Kypchak forms may also be < Mong.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *sojuɣa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fang, sprout, hook

Russian meaning: клык, побег, крюк

Written Mongolian: sojuɣa (L 724)

Khalkha: sojō

Buriat: hojō

Kalmuck: sojā(n)

Ordos: sojō

Dongxian: sojǝ

Dagur: sojō (Тод. Даг. 163)

Shary-Yoghur: sio

Comments: KW 329, MGCD 604. Mong. > Yak. sojuo 'needle', see Аникин 499-500.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *šǖje

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 needle of a coniferous tree 2 a hair fallen out 3 to become intertwined (of hair, fur) 4 branch, firewood 5 a needle made of horn 6 fetlock

Russian meaning: 1 игла (хвойная) 2 вылезшая шерсть 3 сваляться, скататься (о шерсти) 4 ветка, хворост 5 игла из рога 6 щетка (у копыта лошади)

Evenki: čīje 1, 2

Even: čị̄ja- 3

Negidal: čịja 2

Literary Manchu: suja, sujaχa 4, sujχon / sojχon 5, sojlo 6

Comments: ТМС 2, 104, 121, 390.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sāi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: straw

Russian meaning: солома

Modern Korean: sä 'straw thatch'

Middle Korean: sāi

Comments: Nam 295, KED 919.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sǝ̀jà

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: arrow

Russian meaning: стрела

Old Japanese: soja

Middle Japanese: sòjà

Tokyo: soya

Comments: JLTT 531. May be a compound with ja `arrow', but so alone is not attested.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1642

Proto: *šuje ~ *šoje

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: prick, tip

German meaning: Stachel, Spitze

Finnish: hui 'Spule', huitti 'Spule; (runde) Spitze, Gipfel, das äußerste Ende', huitta-, huittaa- 'spülen'

Estonian: hui (gen. hui, huiu, huia), dial. hoi, huig 'Netznadel, hölzerne Nadel zum Stricken der Netze; Weberschiff'

Saam (Lapp): suoj 'instrumentum, quo retia texuntur'; su^.ojja̯ (Pite, Arjeplog) 'Netznadel'

Udmurt (Votyak): ši (S K), ši̮ (MU) 'Stachel; Spieß', ši-bodi̮ (S), ši-bodǝ̑ (K) 'Spieß, Lanze, Bajonett'

Komi (Zyrian): ši̮ (S), ši (I) 'Jagdspieß, Bärenspieß; Spieß, Lanze, Stachel; Pfeil'

Addenda: Liv. vo͕ì̯, v^u̯oì̯ 'Netznadel; Spule beim Weben, Rolle im Schifflein'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *cxw-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: колючка

English meaning: thorn

Megrel: ocxvacxvinaia

Megrel meaning (Rus.): иглы у хлебных растений

Megrel meaning (Eng.): spikes in cereals

Svan: cxwi

Svan meaning (Rus.): стрела

Svan meaning (Eng.): arrow

Notes and references: ОСНЯ 1, 197 (там же выводится из ностр. *cujḥa, ср. ПИЕ *skweiǝ-, алт. *čüjä). Климов (1994, 82-83) предполагает заимствование в картв. < ПИЕ, утверждая, что соответствия нерегулярны; эта точка зрения ни на чем не основана.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *sī-

Meaning : a k. of small tree or shrub with nuts

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *Sī-

Proto-Telugu : *sī- (*c-)

Notes : Cf. Konda sīko.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *Sī-

Meaning : a k. of shrub

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cī-kkāy, cīya-kkāy, cikai-kkāy

Tamil meaning : soap-pod wattle, Acacia concinna

Malayalam : cīkka-kkāyi, cīya-kkāyi

Malayalam meaning : Mimosa abstergens (the fruit serves for cleansing the hair after bathing)

Kannada : sīge

Kannada meaning : a climbing prickly shrub, the pods of which are used like soap for washing the hair, etc., Acacia concinna (the soap-nut tree is often called sīge, but not correctly)

Tulu : sīgè, sīge-kāyi

Tulu meaning : pods of Mimosa abstergens reduced to fine powder and used as soap for cleansing, soap-nut

Proto-Nilgiri : *sīg

Number in DED : 2607

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *sīg

Meaning : Acacia dealbata and melanoxylon [two Australian species, much planted in the Nilgiris]

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : sīx

Number in DED : 2607

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *sī- (*c-)

Meaning : Acacia concinna

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : sī-kāya

Additional forms : Also cīkirēnu, (B also) cīkirēṇi a certain medicinal tree, the leaves of which are ground and used as a soap

Number in DED : 2607

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *ciʁu-nǝʁ

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: horn

Russian meaning: рог

Proto-Yupik: *ciʁu-nǝʁ

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *ciʁu-nǝʁ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: horn, antler

Russian Meaning: рог

Sirenik: siʁǝ́nǝχ (sīʁǝ̄́náj)

Chaplino: siʁúnǝq (ʁǝt)

Naukan: //siʁunǝq [Enm.]

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ciʁunǝq

Chugach (AAY): PWS ciʁuq

Central Alaskan Yupik: ciʁunǝq (ʁ)

Nunivak (Peripheral): ciɣun

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 85, 86

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