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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *wonk'-
Meaning: bent, curved; corner; hook
Old Indian: vaṁśya- `belonging or attached to a main beam'; a-vaṁśá- `that which has no pillars or support'; vaṁśá- `bamboo cane, cane; upper timbers or beams of a house' (cf. also a root with *k(ʷ): OInd váñcati `to go crookedly, stagger', vacyáte `to move or rock to and fro', vakrá- `crooked, curved')
Avestan: -vašta- 'gekrümmt'
Old Greek: óŋko-s m. `Widerhaken des Pfeils, Klampe', *óŋkǟ f.: óŋkē = gōnía, mégethos Hsch.
Latin: uncus, -ī m. `Haken'; uncus, -a `gekrümmt'
Russ. meaning: кривой; угол, крюк
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *wañč-a- c.
Meaning: hook
Lithuanian: vą̃ša-s `Haken, Henkel'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *wánxō; *wánxa- adj.
Meaning: edge, bent, wrong
Gothic: *un-wāh-s (a) `blameless'
Old Norse: vā f. `Ecke, Winkel'
Old English: wōh `not straight, bent, crooked, twisted, oblique; rugged, uneven, rough; not right, perverse, froward, wrong, unfair'; wōh, gen. woges/wōs n. `wrong, perversity, injustice, error'
Old Saxon: wōh `Böses, Schlechtheit'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-oengl,germet-osax,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 2121
Root: u̯ek-, u̯e-n-k-
English meaning: to bend
German meaning: `biegen'
Derivatives: u̯onko- `krumm'
Material: Ai. váñcati `geht krumm oder schief', vacyátē `schwingt sich, fliegt', vakrá- `gebogen, krumm', vankú- `fliegend', váṅkri- f. `Rippe', vaṅka-, vaṅkara- m. `Flußkrümmung', vaṅkṣana- m. `Leisten, Weiche', vakṣáṇā `Bauch, Weichen, Flußbett'; av. -vašta- `gekrümmt'; arm. gangur `crispus, flexus' (*u̯n̥kuro-); lat. convexus `gewölbt, gekrümmt', subvexus `schräg aufwärts führend';
mir. feccaid `bückt sich', mit der Präp. for: `wendet sich gegen, beginnt zu' (mit expressivem -kk-); gall. FlN *Vocalus (Matres Vocallinehae), germanisiert Vacalus, Va(c)halis `Waal'; lit. FlN Vókė (*u̯ōki̯ā);
idg. u̯onko- in ai. vaṅka-, got. un-wāhs `untadelhaft', ags. wōh `krumm, verkehrt', as. wāh n. `Übel', aisl. vā f. (*u̯onkō) `Winkel, Unheil'.
References: WP. I 246, WH. I 268 f.: nach Kuiper, Nasalpräs. 142 zur Wurzel u̯ā- (s. oben S. 1108), wo neben dem Präs. *u̯ǝ-n-ék-mi ein Konj. *u̯(ǝ)-ǝ́nu̯-kō stand; somit ferner zur Wz. u̯ā-, u̯ǝg-, u̯ǝk-, u̯eng(h)-, s. dort.
Pages: 1134-1135
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *wankV
Meaning: to bend
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *wǝn-(ъnta-)
Comments: ? Cf. also PA *ńuŋe 'thigh' (2706), PKG *vaŋel 'calf of leg'? - or a diff. root?
References: МССНЯ 336; ND 2503 *wäŋ[g]o/u 'hook' (Ur., Drav. + extremely dub. IE, Alt. and Sem.); 2504 *waŋka 'to bend'. nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 1711
Proto: *waŋka
English meaning: handle (of vessels)
German meaning: Griff, Henkel (an Gefässen)
Finnish: vanka, vanko, vanku 'eiserner Haken, um Schwendland zu brennen'
Estonian: vang (gen. vannu) 'Griff, Türgriff, Bügel'
Udmurt (Votyak): vug (J) 'Bogen, Henkel (an Gefäßen)'
Komi (Zyrian): vug (S P) 'Griff, Handgriff, Henkel, Öhr', (PO) 'Henkel, Griff'
Sammalahti's version: *ve"ŋka
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *vagg-/*vaŋ-
Meaning : to bend
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vaŋ- Proto-North Dravidian : *beŋk- Notes : The old transitive form of this verbal root ended in a voiced consonant (geminate) and is still preserved in some SDR languages. All the other languages have either generalized the regular intransitive variant (*vaŋ-) or were subject to the development *vagg- > *vak- by morphological analogy.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *vāŋ-/*vagg-
Meaning : to bend
Tamil : vāŋku (vāŋki-), vēŋku (vēŋki-)
Tamil meaning : to bend (intr., tr.), sink, subside, move to one side, withdraw; n. bending
Tamil derivates : vāŋkal bending, curve, inclination; vākku bend, irregularity
Malayalam : vāŋŋuka
Malayalam meaning : to bend, shrink, draw back
Malayalam derivates : vāŋŋikka to withdraw (tr., as an army); vāŋŋal withdrawing
Kannada : bāgu
Kannada meaning : to bend, bow, incline, stoop; bend (tr.); n. bending, inclining, curve
Kannada derivates : bāgisu to bend (tr.), cause to bend; bāguvatana, bāguha bending; baŋku to be crooked, bend; baggu, boggu to bend, bow, become submissive; baggisu, boggisu to bend (tr.); boŋkane in a bending or bent way; bokka with a turn, bend, or bow
Kodagu : bāŋg- (bāŋgi-)
Kodagu meaning : to become bent, slope
Kodagu derivates : bagg- (baggi-) to stoop, bend down
Tulu : bāguni, bāŋguni
Tulu meaning : to bow, stoop, lean on one side
Tulu derivates : bāngāvuni to cause to bow or stoop; bagguni to bend, bow, stoop, yield, submit; baggāvuni to cause to stoop, make bend; baggele a bending or crouching man
Notes : All languages except for Tam.-Mal. show evidence for two similar roots: *vāŋ- and *vagg-; although the differences in semantics are unobservable, it is practically impossible to reduce them to a single prototype.
Number in DED : 5335
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *vāg-/*vāŋ-
Meaning : to bow, bend; to lessen
Kota : vāg- (vāgy-) "to make (pot) bulge (in throwing it on the wheel)"
Toda : pāg- (pāgy-) "to fall, (disease) subsides, (buffalo, coagulant) goes to sacred place (dairy, etc.)"
Additional forms : Also Kota vag- (vagy-) to be slightly bowed down, crouch, be obedient to orders; vak- (vaky-) to bend (intr.), be cowed; vakc- (vakc-) to make to be obedient to orders, bend (tr., iron)
Notes : Strange case. Toda pāg- certainly goes back to *vāŋ- (although with an unexplainable lack of *ā > ō), but Kota certainly represents an old *vāg- (while *vāk- would be expected for the causative form). To be sorted out.
Number in DED : 5335
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *vaŋ-
Meaning : to bend, stoop, bow, become crooked, become low or humbled
Telugu : vaŋgu
Additional forms : Also vancu, (K also) vampu to bend, cause to stoop, subdue, humble, overpower; vampu bend, curve, crookedness; bent, curved, crooked; vāncu to bend head, cause to bend; vā̃ka crooked
Number in DED : 5335
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vaŋ-
Meaning : to bend
Kolami : vaŋg- (vaŋkt-) "to bend (intr.)"
Naikri : vaŋg- "to bend (intr.)"
Parji : vaŋg- "to bend (intr.)"
Kondekor Gadba : vaŋka "curve"
Additional forms : Also Kolami vaŋgip- (vaŋgipt-), vap- (vapt-) to bend (tr.); Parji vaŋgip- (vaŋgit-) to bend (tr.)
Number in DED : 5335
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-s_3,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *vaŋ-
Meaning : to bend
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *vaŋ-
Meaning : to bend
Muria Gondi : vak- "to bend (intr.)"
Maria Gondi : vaŋg- "to bend (intr.)"
Seoni Gondi : vaŋkor "bent, crooked"
Koya Gondi : vaŋko "bent, crooked"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : vangānā "to be bent"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Mu vakta crooked, zigzag
Number in DED : 5335
Number in CVOTGD : 3140, 3144
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : vaŋ- (-it-)
Meaning: to bend, become bent
Additional forms : Also Konda vak- (-t-) to bend (tr.); vekor_i crooked
Number in DED : 5335
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *vaŋ- (caus. *vak-)
Meaning : crooked; to bend
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : vwāngali "to be crooked"
Kuwi (Schulze) : wanginai "to be bent, stoop"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : vaŋg- (-it-) "to bend (intr.), be bent"
Kuwi (Israel) : vaŋg- (-it-) "to bend (intr.), be bent"
Additional forms : Also Kuwi_F vwakhali to bend; Kuwi_Su, Kuwi_Isr vak- (-h-) to bend (tr.)
Number in DED : 5335
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *beŋk-
Meaning : to turn (tr.) from a straight line, bend, curve
Kurukh : beŋknā, beŋka'ānā
Additional forms : Also KUR beŋkō, baŋkā 'crooked, bent, curved'
Number in DED : 5335
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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