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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *kand- / *kend-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to burn brightly, to shine
Old Indian: candati `to shine, be bright', candrá- (in comp. ścandrá-) `glittering, shining; m. moon', candana- m., n. `sandal wood'
Old Greek: kándaro-s m. = ánthraks Hsch.
Latin: accendō, -ere, -dī, -sum, incendō, -e re, -dī, -sum `an-, entzünden, anfachen'; candeo, -ēre, -uī `glänzen, schimmern, hellglühen', candidus, -a `blendend weiss, heiter strahlend, lauter', candēla f. `Kerze, Wachsschnur', candor m. `weisser Glanz, Helle'
Celtic: Cymr cann `weiss, hell'; OBret cant `canus'; MBret cann `Vollmond'
Albanian: geg. hąnɛ, tosk. hɛnɛ `Mond'
Russ. meaning: ярко гореть, сиять
References: WP I 352
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 836
Root: kand-, skand- und (ai.) (s)kend-
English meaning: to glow; bright
German meaning: `leuchten, glühen, hell'
Material: Ai. candati `leuchtet', Intens. Partiz. cáni-ścadat `überaus glänzend' (*skn̥d-), candrá- (ścandrá-, EN Hári-ścandra-) `leuchtend, glänzend, glühend; m. Mond', candana- m. n. `Sandelholz (Räucherwerk');

    gr. κάνδαρος ἄνθραξ Hes.;

    alb. geg. hânë, tosk. hënë `Mond' (*skandnā);

    lat. candeō, -ēre `glänzen, schimmern, hell glühen', transitiv *candō, -ere in accendō, incendō `zünde an', candidus `blendend weiß, glänzend', candor `blendend weiße Farbe, Lichtglanz', candēla, candēlābrum `Leuchter' (daraus cymr. usw. cannwyll ds.), cicindēla `Leuchtkäferchen, Öllampe', cicendula `Lämpchen' (redupl. *ce-cand-);

    cymr. cann `weiß, hell', mbret. cann `Vollmond', abret. cant `canus'; Entlehnung aus candidus nimmt Pedersen KG. I 190 an (vgl. lat. splendidus > bret. splann), aber cymr. cannaid `leuchtend; Sonne, Mond' und zahlreiche Ableitungen lassen vielleicht ein echt kelt.*kando- als möglich erscheinen, hingegen gehört der FlN Kander (Baden, Schweiz) zu nichtidg. gand- `wüst liegendes Land', Bertoldi BSL 30, 111 und Anm. 2.

References: WP. I 352, WH. I 151 f.
Pages: 526
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ʒajŋa ?
Meaning: burn, shine
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: (*senk- 'to burn, dry')
Altaic: *ǯi̯àjna
Uralic: *śine (cf. also *säŋV)
Dravidian: *ǯaŋ- (?)
Eskimo-Aleut: *anǝʁ ?
References: ND 2736 *ʒ́En̄V 'to burn, live coal, fire' (Alt., Ur.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *ǯi̯àjnà
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to burn; ashes, tar
Russian meaning: гореть; зола, деготь
Turkic: *jan-, *jan-tɨr-
Tungus-Manchu: *ǯian-
Korean: *čắi
Japanese: *dànì
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 287. Medial *-j- accounts for loss of *-n- in Kor.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *jan-, *jan-tɨr-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to burn (itr.), blaze up 2 to burn (tr.) 3 to kindle 4 to shine
Russian meaning: 1 гореть, загораться 2 жечь 3 зажигать 4 светить
Karakhanid: jan- 1 (MK)
Turkish: jan- 1
Tatar: jan- 1, jandɨr- 2
Middle Turkic: jan- 1 (Pav. C.)
Uzbek: jɔn- 1
Uighur: jan- 1 (dial.)
Azerbaidzhan: jan- 1, jandɨr- 2
Turkmen: jan- 1
Chuvash: śon- 1, śondar- 2
Yakut: san-dār- 4
Kirghiz: ǯan- 1
Kazakh: žan- 1
Noghai: jan- 1, jandɨr- 2
Bashkir: jan- 1
Balkar: žan- 1
Gagauz: jan- 1
Karaim: jan- 1
Karakalpak: žan- 1
Kumyk: jan- 1
Comments: VEWT 184, EDT 942, 947-948, ЭСТЯ 4, 112, Федотов 2, 136, Лексика 362.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ǯian-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to burn, blaze 2 to extinguish 3 to heat 4 torch 5 glowing coals
Russian meaning: 1 пылать 2 тушить 3 топить 4 факел 5 жар, горящие угли
Evenki: ǯānŋe- 1
Literary Manchu: jaŋGa 4
Orok: dandallị- 2
Nanai: jaŋGoŕa- 3
Udighe: ǯaŋa 5
Comments: ТМС 1,249,342. A specific development of the initial *ǯ- in Manchu and Nanai is probably conditioned by its position before the diphthong *ia.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-man,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *čắi
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: ashes
Russian meaning: зола, пепел
Modern Korean: čä
Middle Korean: čắi
Comments: Nam 418, KED 1409.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *dànì
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: tar, pitch
Russian meaning: смола, деготь
Old Japanese: jani
Middle Japanese: jànì
Tokyo: yaní
Kyoto: yánì
Kagoshima: yaní
Comments: JLTT 573.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 979
Proto: *śine
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: charcoal
German meaning: Holzkohle
Saam (Lapp): čidnâ -n- (N) 'charcoal' ?
Hungarian: szén (acc. szenet) 'Kohle; Feuer, Glühfeuer' ?
Sammalahti's version: *s'iini
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *ǯaŋ- (?)
Meaning : moon
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ǯaŋ-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ǯaŋ-
Notes : A Naiki-Gondi isogloss.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,

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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ǯaŋ-
Meaning : moon
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Naiki : jaŋgo
Number in DED : 2287
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ǯaŋ-
Meaning : moon
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *ǯaŋ-
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *ǯaŋ-
Meaning : moon
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Yeotmal Gondi : jaŋo
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Hislop jango id.
Number in DED : 2287
Number in CVOTGD : 1379
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_y,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Eskimo etymology :

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Proto-Eskimo: *anǝʁ
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: spark, fire
Russian meaning: искра, огонь
Proto-Yupik: *anǝʁ- (-iʁ-)
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,

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Yupik etymology :

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Proto-Yupik: *anǝʁ- (-iʁ-)
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: spark, fire
Russian Meaning: искра, огонь
Sirenik: anǝ́χ 'fire, spark', aníχqǝtá 'candle'
Chaplino: anǝ́q (ʁǝt) 'spark', ánaq* 'fire', anīχqun, anixkun* 'candle'
Naukan: ánǝq 'spark', anéquq 'to sparkle'
Chugach (Birket-Smith): anạʁqānạq 'white', 'white whale'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 28
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-chgm,yupet-ced,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : CVNV
Meaning : burn, shine
Eurasiatic : *Cajŋa ?
Afroasiatic : *zVnzVn- 'burn, heat, charcoal' (Eg., Ar., Berb.)
Sino-Caucasian : *SVŋV
Amerind (misc.) : *(a)sin 'star' (R 688)
Reference : ND 2736.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,globet-reference,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ciŋwV
Meaning: star
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Sino-Tibetan: *sēŋ
Burushaski: *así[m]
Comments and references : LDC 27; different in HGC 22.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sēŋ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: star
Chinese: *sēŋ star.
Lepcha: kŭr-sóŋ 1 bright, lucid, n.of 5th month 2 a planet 3 the morning star
Kiranti: *saŋ
Comments: Cf. also Aka *cVŋ 'star', Naga *cVŋ 'star, moon'.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: xīng
Preclassic Old Chinese: shēŋ
Classic Old Chinese: shēŋ
Western Han Chinese: shēŋ
Eastern Han Chinese: shiēŋ
Early Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ
Middle Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ
Late Postclassic Chinese: shiēŋ
Middle Chinese: sieŋ
English meaning : star; asterism, constellation
Russian meaning[s]: 1) звезда; светило; небесное тело; 2) искра; крошечный; 3) разрозненный, разбросанный; 4) деление (на безмене); 5) Син (фамилия)
Comments: The character was also used in Early Zhou for another word, *ʒeŋ 'to become clear (of sky)' (MC ʒjeŋ, Mand. qíng, Viet. tình; despite Schüssler, this word is quite distinct etymologically from *shēŋ 'star'). Since Han this word was denoted by a different character, 晴. For the latter, standard Sino-Viet. is tình, but there also exists a colloquial loan from the same source, Viet. tạnh; for unaspirated *ʒ cf. Xiamen cĩ2, Chaozhou cẽ2, Fuzhou saŋ2, ciaŋ2, Jianou caŋ2.

    For OC *sh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen chĩ1, Chaozhou chẽ1.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 72
Four-angle index: 396
Karlgren code: 0812 x-y
Vietnamese reading: tinh
Jianchuan Bai: śɛ̃4
Dali Bai: śer4
Bijiang Bai: śã4
Shijing occurrences: 21.1_, 21.2_, 50.3, 55.2_
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 763
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 梗開四平青心
ZIHUI: 2502 2588
Beijing: śiŋ 11
Jinan: śiŋ 11
Xi'an: śiŋ 11
Taiyuan: śiŋ 1
Hankou: śin 11
Chengdu: śin 11
Yangzhou: śĩ 11
Suzhou: sin 11
Wenzhou: seŋ 11
Changsha: sin 11
Shuangfeng: śin 11 (lit.); śiõ 11
Nanchang: śin 11 (lit.); śiaŋ 11
Meixian: sɛn 11
Guangzhou: šîŋ 11
Xiamen: sîŋ 11 (lit.); chĩ 12
Chaozhou: chẽ 11
Fuzhou: siŋ 11
Shanghai: siŋ 1
Zhongyuan yinyun: siǝŋ 1
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Kiranti etymology :

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Proto-Kiranti: *saŋ
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: star, ray
Tulung: ?sorluŋ (if < *saŋ-lur) (cf. also -suŋ in nep-suŋ sun) [Toba 96: swar]
Kaling: sɔŋ- in sɔŋgɔr star
Limbu: sāŋ ray, -se in khese star
Kulung: sɔŋ- in sɔŋger 'star'
Yamphu: saŋ- in saŋge 'star'
Comments: A difficult case. T sor- and L -se may also reflect a root *sǝr, cf. also T sor-pikiche 'star'. On the other hand, T sor may be < *soʔor < *saŋqar ( = Kal. sɔŋgɔr).
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-lim,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,

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Limbu dictionary :

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Entry: khɛse:ʔ
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: n.
Meaning: star
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,

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Kulung dictionary :

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Entry: sɔNger
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: n.
Meaning: star
Nepali: tārā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

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Yamphu dictionary :

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Entry: saŋge
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: n.
Meaning: star.
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *así[m]
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: star
Yasin: asúmun
Hunza: asií
Nagar: asií
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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