Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *tungla-n, *tunglō(n), *tunglēn

Meaning: heavenly body

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *tuŋgl n. (a) `star, constellation'

Old Norse: tungl n. `Gestirn, Mond'

Old Swedish: tungel

Old English: tungol (-ul, -el; tungl), -es n. (vs. pl. tunglas); tungla, -an m. `a heavenly body; a heavenly body other than sun or moon, a star; planet; group of stars, constellation, division of the zodiac'

Old Saxon: -tungal

Old High German: himil-zungal n.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *dAngh-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: sky, heavenly body

Slavic: *dǭgā́ `Regenbogen', *rājī-dǭgā

Baltic: *dañg-u- c.

Germanic: *tung-l-a- n., *tungl-ō(n-) f., *tungl-an- m.

Russ. meaning: небо, небесное тело

References: WP I 792

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *dañg-u- c.

Meaning: sky

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: dangù-s `Himmel'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 396

Root: dhengh-1

English meaning: to press; to cover

German meaning: `drücken, krümmeln, bedecken, worauf liegen'

Material: Air. dingid, for-ding `unterdrückt' (s. auch dheiĝh-); vgl. Pedersen KG. II 506;

    lit. dengiù, deñgti `decken', dangà `Decke', dangùs `Himmel', dazu diñgti `verschwinden' (aus `*bedeckt werden'), slav. *dǫga `Bogen' (: lit. dangà) in russ. dugá `Bogen', alt `Regenbogen', bulg. dъgá, serb. dúga, poln. dial. dęga ds., wohl zu:

    aisl. dyngia `Misthaufen, Haus in der Erde, wo die Frauen Handarbeiten verrichteten', ags. dynge, ahd. tunga `Düngung', as. dung, ahd. tung, mhd. tunc `unterirdisches Gemach, wo die Frauen webten' (ursprüngl. zum Schutz gegen die Kälte mit Dünger eingedeckte Winterhäuser), ags. dung `Gefängnis', ahd. tungen `bedrücken, düngen', ags. engl. dung `Dünger', nhd. Dung, Dünger.

References: WP. I 791 f., 854, Trautmann 44 f.

Pages: 250

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭVlgV(nV)

Meaning: moon, heavenly body

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *dongh-

Altaic: *t`i̯òlgu

Uralic: *t[ö]lVč́- 'moon' (F.-Perm.)

Dravidian: *tiŋaḷ

Eskimo-Aleut: *taRqi-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'tirqǝn (~ *t-)

References: Bl. LNA, ND 2284 *tEŋgVḷ/ĺV (Drav.-IE; + very dub. SH). Cf. Austric: PAA *tuor 'star, moon', PAN *mantalaq, *talaq 'morning / evening star, Venus'.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯òlgu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: moon

Russian meaning: луна

Mongolian: *tergel

Korean: *tắr

Japanese: *tùkùi

Comments: Martin 236, АПиПЯЯ 94, 278, Vovin 2000.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tergel

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: full moon

Russian meaning: полнолуние

Written Mongolian: tergel (L 805)

Middle Mongolian: tergel (SH)

Khalkha: tergel

Buriat: terged hara

Kalmuck: tergel (СЯОС)

Comments: Mong. > Evn. tärkan-.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tắr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: moon

Russian meaning: луна

Modern Korean: tal

Middle Korean: tắr

Comments: Nam 140, KED 401.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tùkùi

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: moon

Russian meaning: луна

Old Japanese: tuki

Middle Japanese: tuki

Tokyo: tsukí

Kyoto: tsúkì

Kagoshima: tsúT

Nase: čìkí

Shuri: čìčí

Hateruma: sɨ_̀kéŃ

Yonakuni: thī̀

Comments: JLTT 554.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tiŋaḷ (?)

Meaning : moon

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tiŋaḷ

Notes : A good SDR root.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tiŋaḷ

Meaning : moon

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tiŋkaḷ

Tamil meaning : moon, month

Malayalam : tiŋkaḷ

Malayalam meaning : moon

Malayalam derivates : tiŋŋaḷ month

Kannada : tiŋgaḷ

Kannada meaning : moon, month

Kannada derivates : beḷ diŋgaḷ moonlight

Kodagu : tiŋga

Kodagu meaning : month

Tulu : tiŋgoḷu

Tulu meaning : moon, month

Proto-Nilgiri : *tigǝḷ

Number in DED : 3213

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *tigǝḷ

Meaning : moon

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tigḷ

Toda : tɨgɨḷ

Additional forms : Also Kota tiŋgḷ month; Toda tīɫ̣ month

Notes : Is Toda tɨgɨḷ a borrowing?

Number in DED : 3213

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *taRqi-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: moon, bright

Russian meaning: луна, свет

Proto-Yupik: *taŋqi-

Proto-Inupik: *tatqi-

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 330

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *tanqi-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: moon 1, to be bright 2

Russian Meaning: луна 1, светить 2

Chaplino: tanqíq (t) 1

Naukan: táŋqiq 'moonshine, sunshine'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: tanqik 1, tanqiɣ- 2

Chugach (Birket-Smith): tanʁi̮k 1

Central Alaskan Yupik: tanqiɣ- 2

Nunivak (Peripheral): tanqiq* 1

PAME: *tätqi-q

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 330

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *tätqï-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: moon 1, to make the lamp light brightly 2

Russian meaning: луна 1, увеличивать свет лампы 2

Seward Peninsula Inupik: taqqiq 1

SPI Dialects: Imaq tāqíq 1, taqíûn 'стержень для заправки фитиля', W, KI taqqẹq*, taʁqẹq* (qīk,qit) 1

North Alaskan Inupik: tatqiq 1, tatqik- 2

NAI Dialects: B, Ingl tätqẹq* 1

Western Canadian Inupik: tatqiq 1

WCI Dialects: Cor, M tätqẹq* 1

Eastern Canadian Inupik: taqqiq 1, taqqisuq- 2

ECI Dialects: Lab táqqeq* 1 [Jen.]

Greenlandic Inupik: taqqiɣ-, taqqiššuɣ- 2

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 330

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'tirqǝn (~ *t-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): светило

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *tiškǝ-n "

Proto-Itelmen: *t'isɣin

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *tiškǝ-n "

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): солнце

Chukchee: tírkǝ "

Koryak: tijkǝ-tij "

Palan: tit́kǝ-n

Alutor: titkǝ-tit "

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *t'ishin

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): луна

West Itelmen: 'atx-tɨsɣin, 'at́x-tɨsɣin

West Itelmen meaning: luna

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): księżyc

Comments: Буквально 'белое (светлое) светило'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVLKV

Meaning : moon, luminary

Eurasiatic : *ṭVlgV(nV)

Afroasiatic : *ṭiluʕ-

Austric : *tVl(Vʔ)

Amerind (misc.) : *tal(U) 'sky, sun, thunder, lightning' (all glossed as 'cloud') (R 132) ?

Notes : Cf. also Alt. *t`i̯ṑlo 'shine, reflect'.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ṭiluʕ-

Meaning: rising (moon)

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ṭVluʕ- 'rise (of the sun)'

Western Chadic: *ta/yal- 'sun' (?)

Central Chadic: *t(i)yal- 'moon'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 904

Proto-Semitic: *ṭVluʕ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'rise (of the sun)'

Arabic: ṭlʕ u,26

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *tal- (?< *tyal-)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: sun

Boghom: taal [CLR:312]

Kir: tā̀l [CLR]

Tule: čàlí [CLR]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *tiyal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'moon'

Mbara: tílè [TrMba]

Musgu: tle [CLR:239]

Masa: tíllá [CLR]

Banana: tìyèla [Kr]

Notes: All may originate from Common Ch *tira

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *tV́ʔlVʔ

Meaning: star

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *tuor

Austroasiatic meaning: star, moon

Proto-Austronesian: *talaq, *mantalaq

Austronesian meaning: star, Venus

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *tuor

Meaning: star, moon

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: *tuor

Proto-Bahnaric: WB *tɔ:r

Proto-Monic: *tu:ʔ T?

Khasi: khlur star E?

References: JS-490

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *tuor

Meaning: star

Presyllable: pǝN-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *to:r

Proto-East Katuic: *tuor

References: 1043; TK1.9

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *to:r

Meaning: star

Presyllable: pǝN-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: mantor.T

Bru Van Keu meaning: a star

So: mato:r.N

So meaning: a star

Bru: mǝntɔ:r.N

Bru meaning: a star

Sou: manto:l

Kui: ntâ:r.N

Kui meaning: a star

Kuay: ntâ:l.N

Kuay meaning: star

Ngeu: mǝtɔ:j.N

Ngeu meaning: star

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *tuor

Meaning: star

Presyllable: pǝN-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: panto:r.T

Pakoh meaning: star (PT)

Taojh: pattu:r

Taojh meaning: star

Ngeq: pantu:r

Ngeq meaning: star

Kri: pantu:r

Chatong: patu:r

Kantu: pǝtur V?

Kantu dialects: cantu:r

Kantu meaning: star

Katu dialects (1): satur PV?

Katu meaning: star

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *tɔ:r

Meaning: star

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Bahnaric: *tuar, pǝ-

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *tuar, pǝ-

Meaning: star

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: pǝtuar

Jaru meaning: star; TL: katuǝr

Lavi: patɔ:r

Juk: patɔ:r

Nhaheung form: tuan

Nhaheung meaning: star

Brao form: pǝtuar

Brao meaning: star

References: JS-490, TB1.14a

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *tu:ʔ

Meaning: moon

Presyllable: kǝN-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: gitu, gatu

Old Mon: kintu

Middle Mon: kitu

Nyakur: kǝntu:ʔ

Nyakur meaning: moon

References: N222; S-38

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