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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *tuskian-
Meaning: burn
IE etymology: IE etymology
Old High German: { zuscen `brennen' }
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-ohg,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *dāwe-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to burn, to roast
Tokharian: A twās-, B tu-, twās- (PT *tu-, twesā-) 'kindle, ignite, light' (Adams 298)
Old Indian: dunoti , dūyate `to burn, to be burnt', ptc. dūná-; dāvá- m. `conflagration, fire'
Old Greek: dái̯ō, aor. dâu̯sai̯ `eŋkaûsai' (Hsch.) `anzünden', pf. dédǟa, aor. daē̂nai̯, lakon. ekdawē̂i̯ <ekdabē̂i> ekkauthē̂i̯ (Hsch.), ptc. dedau̯méno- `lodern, brennen', dáos n. `Fackel', dānó- `trocken' (< *dawesnó-), daeló-s, dāló-s `Feuerbrand'; dáu̯ak-s <dáu̯akes> `головня, голо вешка' (Hsch.); daēró- <daērón> `горячий, kau̯matērós, светлый, ясный' (Hsch.), daēthmó-s (~ -ó-n) <daēthmón> `пожар' (Hsch.)
Baltic: *deû- (2) vb. tr., *dǖ- vb. intr.
Germanic: *tu-sk-ia- vb.
Celtic: OIr dōim `senge, brenne'; gen. condid `Brennholz'; MIr connad, condud `Brennholz'; Cymr cynneu `anzünden'; cynnud `Feuerung', Corn kunys `Brennholz', Bret keuneud `Brennholz'
Russ. meaning: жечь, держать на огне
References: WP I 767 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *deû- (2) vb. tr., *dǖ- vb. intr.
Meaning: dry
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: džiáuti (džiáuja, džiṓvē) `zum Trocknen aufhängen', džiū́ti (džiū́sta/džių̃va, džiùvō) 'trocken, dürr werden'
Lettish: žaût (žaûju/žaûnu, žâvu) tr. `trocknen, zum Trocknen aushängen', žût (žûstu, žuvu) intr. 'trocknen', žavêt, žâvêt (-ẽju) tr. 'trocknen, räuchern'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 317
Root: dāu-, dǝu-, dū̆-
English meaning: to burn
German meaning: 1. `brennen', 2. `verletzen, quälen, vernichten, feindselig'
General comments: unsicher, ob in beiden Bed. ursprünglich identisch (etwa teils als `brennender Schmerz', teils `durch Feuer vernichten, die feindlichen Siedelungen niederbrennen'?)
Material: Ai. dunṓti `brennt (trans), quält', dūná- `gebrannt, gequält', Pass. dūyatē `brennt' (intr.), kaus. dāvayati `verbrennt' (trans), dāvá-ḥ (mit Ablautsneuerung davā-) `Brand', f. `Leid, Schmerz', doman- `Brand, Qual' (-ǝu- wie in δεδαυμένος);

    arm. erkn (zu δύη) `Geburtswehen';

    gr. δαίω (*δᾰ-ι̯ω) `zünde an', Perf. δέδηε `steht in Flammen' (: ai. dudāva), Partiz. δεδαυμένος (δαυ̃σαι ἐκκαυ̃σαι Hes., ἐκδαβῃ̃ ἐκκαυθῃ̃ Λάκωνες Hes.), δάος n., δαΐς, -ίδος f. `Fackel' (zum ᾳ: von att. δᾱͅς, δᾱͅδός s. Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 266), δᾱνός `leicht brennbar = trocken' (*δαεινός aus *δαεσ-νός), δᾱλός `brennendes Stück Holz' (*δαελός = lakon. δαβελός); δήιος `feindlich', dor. (Trag.) δᾱΐος, δᾳ̃ος `gequält, elend', hom. δηΐοω `töte, erschlage' (att. δῃόω `ds., verwüste'), δηιοτής, -τη̃τος `Kriegsgetümmel, Kampf', hom. δᾰΐ Lok. `in der Schlacht' (zum Nom. *δαυ̃ς, idg. *dāus Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 578), δαι-κτάμενος `im Kampf getötet'; wohl δύη `Leid', δυόωσι `sie stürzen ins Unglück' (ἀνθρώπους, Od.), δυερός `unglücklich'.

    Über ὀδύνη (meist Pl.), äol. ἐδύνας Akk. Pl. `Schmerz', ὀδυνα̃ν `Schmerz verursachen, betrüben' s. unter ed- `essen'; vielleicht hierher δαυ̃κος ὁ θρασύς (`hitzig') Hes.

    Alb. dhunë (*dus-n-) `Leid, Schmerz, Gewalt, üble Tat; Schmach, Beleidigung' (dhunon `schmähe'; dhun `bitter', ursprgl. `unangenehm'? oder wie sl. gorьkъ `bitter': gorěti `brennen'?) mit *du-s- (vermutlich als Tiefstufe eines -es-St. = oder wie gr. δά()ος); tosk.derë `bitter' (*deu-no-);

    lat. vermutlich duellum, bellum `Krieg' (WH. I 100 f.), mit unklarem Suffix.

    air. dōīm `senge, brenne' (über air. dōīm `besorge, übe aus' s. unter deu̯(ǝ)-), Verbalnom.dōud = ai. davathu-ḥ `Brand'; atūd `anzünden' aus *ad-douth, cymr. cynneu `anzünden'u. dgl., auch bret. devi, cymr. deifio `brennen' (mit v aus w vor ) hierher (Thurneysen KZ. 61, 253, Loth RC. 42, 58); air. Gen. condid, mir. connad, condud `Brennholz', cymr. cynnud `Feuerung', corn. kunys, bret. keuneud `Brennholz' (Pedersen KG. I 108, II 39, Gdf. etwa*kom-dauto-); cymr. etewyn `Feuerbrand' (*ate-dau̯-ino-), bret. Kollektiv eteo ds.

    ahd. zuscen `brennen'; nach φρύ̄νη : braun hierher auch ags. tosca `Frosch', schwed. mdartl. tosk ds.; vielleicht (mit *eu, s. unten) anord. tjōn n. `Schaden, Unrecht, Verhöhnung', ags. tēona m., tēone f. `Schaden', as. tiono `Böses, Unrecht, Feindschaft', wovon anord. tȳna `vernichten, verlieren', ags. tīenan `plagen, ärgern, verleumden', as. gitiunean `Unrecht tun gegen jemanden'.*

    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    *) Trotz Osthoff IA. 1, 82 ist die Sippe von nhd. zünden, got. tundnan `entzündet werden', tandjan `zünden', mhd. zinden fernzuhalten, da deren i und a nicht wohl erst Ablautneubildung zu u sein wird; nach Thurneysen IA. 83, 32 als t-andjan zu air. ad-and- `anzünden'.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

   

    Berneker IF. 10, 158 stellt hierher auch lit. džiáuti `zum Trocknen hinlegen', lett. žaut `trocknen, räuchern' als *dēu-ti, wie auch die alb. und germ. eu-Formen idg. ēu enthalten können; das Verhältnis dieses *dēu- zu *dāu- ist unklar; oder zu di̯eu- `Himmel'?

References: WP. I 767 ff., WH. I 100 f.
Pages: 179-181
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *dʷVɣV
Meaning: fire
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *da(H)wĕ- (? + *t[ē]g(')- 'burn'?)
Altaic: *t`oge
Uralic: *tüɣV-tV ~ *tüwV-tV (*tä[ɣ]V(t) 'fire' (Halász NyK 23, 226) )
Kartvelian: *duɣ- (or *tutk-?) [also Georg. daɣ- 'brandmarken; braten'; ṭḳrec- 'an der Oberfläche verbrennen']
Dravidian: *tjī- ? (+ SDr *dik- 'fireplace')
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *tɣǝ(ɫ)- 'hot; to burn'
References: МССНЯ 337; ND 2250 *t[e]ɣw[a] 'fire' (Georg. daɣ- + Ur + Drav + dub. Manch. + Chad.); 2341 *ṭokVʔV ~ *ṭo[h](V)kV 'to burn, fire' (Kartv. tutk-, ṭḳrec- + Alt. *t`oge + Eg., ?Bj); a considerable confusion here.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *t`oge ( ~ -i)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: fire
Russian meaning: огонь
Turkic: *Tögen
Mongolian: *tüɣi-
Tungus-Manchu: *toga
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Tögen
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 brand 2 tinder
Russian meaning: 1 головня 2 трут
Karakhanid: tögün (MK) 1
Turkish: (Osm.) dögün 'tattoo'
Middle Turkic: tögen (Abush., Sangl.) 1
Oyrat: töön 2
Yakut: tüön 2
Tuva: dȫn 'wick'
Comments: EDT 484. Turk. > WMong. tögene, Khalkha tȫn, Kalm. tȫnǝ, Dag. tuǝn 'cauterization' (L 832, KW 408, MGCD 643).
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *tüɣi-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 big fire 2 bonfire
Russian meaning: 1 пожар 2 костер
Written Mongolian: tüimür 1 (L 851); tügüdeg 2 (L 850)
Khalkha: tüjmer 1, tǖdeg 2
Buriat: tüjmer 1, tǖdeg 2
Kalmuck: tǖmr 1
Ordos: tüjmer 1
Dagur: tujmere (MD 227), tuimer, tuimur 1
Shary-Yoghur: tǖmer 1
Comments: KW 418, MGCD 657.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *toga
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: fire
Russian meaning: огонь
Evenki: toɣo
Even: toɣ
Negidal: toɣo
Spoken Manchu: tuā (476)
Literary Manchu: tuwa
Jurchen: towi (21)
Ulcha: tawa
Orok: tawa
Nanai: tao
Oroch:
Udighe:
Solon: togo
Comments: ТМС 2, 190.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1885
Proto: *tüɣV-tV ~ *tüwV-tV
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: fire
German meaning: Feuer
Khanty (Ostyak): tö̆ɣǝt (V), tüt (DN), tut (O) 'Feuer'
Mansi (Vogul): täwǝ.t (TJ), tɔ̄̈wt (KU), tāwt (P)
Hungarian: tűz (acc. tüzet) 'Feuer; Brand; (veralt.) Herd'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *duɣ-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: кипеть, варить(ся)
English meaning: to boil, cook
Georgian: duɣ-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): кипеть, кипятить; варить
Georgian meaning (Engl.): to boil, to cook
Megrel: duɣ-
Laz: ge-nduɣ-er-
Laz meaning (Rus.): род национальной еды
Laz meaning (Eng.): a k. of national dish
Notes and references: Кл, EWK 114. Вполне вероятно, что налицо тот же корень, что и *dɣw- (в производных *dɣw-eb-, *dɣw-el-) "перемешивать, плескать(ся)" q. v.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *tjī-
Meaning : to burn
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *tjī-
Proto-Telugu : *tī-
Brahui : tī-n
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-bra,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *tjī-
Meaning : to burn
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : tī (-v-, -nt-), tīy (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to be burnt, charred, blighted
Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to allow food to be charred in cooking, dry up (water), cause to wither; n. fire, lamp, heat, anger; tīyal, tīcal that which is burnt in cooking; tīppi fire; tīppu scorching, blackening by fire
Malayalam :
Malayalam meaning : fire
Kannada :
Kannada meaning : to burn, scorch, singe, parch; n. fire
Kannada derivates : to be scorched, burnt, singed, parched; n. state of being scorched, burnt; sīkari state of being scorched; sīku that which is burnt, scorched
Tulu : cīñcuni
Tulu meaning : to be scorched, burnt
Tulu derivates : cīntuni to burn (intr.), roast as a fruit; , fire; fiery
Proto-Nilgiri : *tīj-
Number in DED : 3266
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *tīj-
Meaning : to singe
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Kota : tīy- (tīc-) "to be singed, roasted, (flame) burns low"
Toda : tīy- (tīs-) "to be singed"
Additional forms : Also Kota tīc- (tīc-) to singe; Toda tīy- (tīc-) to singe, roast
Number in DED : 3266
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *tī-
Meaning : light, brightness, heat
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : tīṇḍra
Additional forms : Also tīṇḍramu heat, light, splendour; hot, bright, fierce; [1] tīṇḍrincu, [2] tī̃ḍirincu to shine; tīpu severe pain
Number in DED : 3266
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

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Brahui etymology :

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Brahui : tī-n
Meaning : scorching, scorching heat
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Additional forms : Also BRA tīrūnk spark
Number in DED : 3266
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-addition,braet-dednum,

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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *tɣǝɫ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning (Rus.): горячий, жаркий; жечь
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *tɣǝɫ-; *cɣǝɫV-
Proto-Itelmen: *'ǝ̆n-txa(ɫ)-
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,

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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *tɣǝɫ-, *ǝt́ɣiɫ́-
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): горячий, жаркий 1, разогреться 2, нагревать 3, довольно горячий 4, довольно теплый 5, нагреваться, накаляться, получать жар 6
Chukchee: (t)ɣǝl- (I) 1, ɣǝl-ɛ́t- 2, cíit- (+ АБ) 5, (t)ɣǝt-laɣná- 6
Koryak: (t)ɣǝɫ- (I) 1, (c)ɣǝlév-, (c)ɣǝcév-* (I) 2
Palan: ɣǝl-, -tɣǝl- (I) 1, t-tɣǝl-ev- 3
Alutor: (t)ɣǝl- 1, (t)ɣǝl-at- 2, t-tɣǝl-av- 3, c(ǝ)ɣic- 4
Comments: Чук. (АБ) ɣǝl-ɣǝl " 'жар'. Ср. *cɣъlʒo-n 'пот' (1532).
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,

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Itelmen etymology :

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Proto-Itelmen: *txa(ɫ)-: *'ǝn-txaɫ-k-
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): поджигать
Itelmen: 'ǝ̆n-txa-s, nǝ-txa-ɫ-kǝs** SO
Itelmen meaning: поджигать
West Itelmen: 'in-txa-z
West Itelmen meaning: incendere
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): palić, podpalać
South Itelmen: ki-txa-zik
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): incendere ignem in fornace
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): rozpalać ogień w piecu
Volodin-Zhukova reference: 344
Comments: Исторически корневой -ɫ- ассоциируется как словообразовательный глагольный суффикс и исчезает в непереходном глаголе.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vzhu,itelet-comments,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : TVHV
Meaning : fire
Eurasiatic : *dʷVɣV
Afroasiatic : Chad. *dw/*dy + ? Cush. 'fire' (ND 2250)
Sino-Caucasian : ST *[t]ăw shine or *Tuj burn, boil
Austric : *TVw hot, fire
Amerind (misc.) : *(i)to 'fire' (R 256) [+ A K]
African (misc.) : Bantu *-tó, *-túé 'ashes'.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *TVw
Meaning: hot, fire
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *taw
Austroasiatic meaning: hot
Miao-Yao parallels: MY *dou.C fire
Proto-Thai: *r-thau.C (cf. also Kd *P-dauB ashes)
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-tai,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *taw
Meaning: hot
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Thai: *r-thau.C
Proto-Katuic: *taw
Khmer: ṭaw
Proto-Monic: *taw
References: Kh 767
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,aaet-bib,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *taw
Meaning: hot
Presyllable: kǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-West Katuic: *taw
Proto-East Katuic: PAK kǝtaw
References: P-1011: TK15.138
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic: *taw
Meaning: hot
Presyllable: kǝ-
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Bru Van Keu: kutʌw
Bru Van Keu meaning: hot; katʌ:w to heat, to warm up
So: ʔataw.N
So meaning: to reheat food
Bru: kǝtaw.N
Bru meaning: hot; to heat
Sou: ktaw
Kui: kǝtaw.N
Kui meaning: hot; ntaw.N to warm
Kuay: kataw.N
Kuay meaning: hot
Ngeu: kataw.N
Ngeu meaning: hot
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-sou,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,

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East Katuic etymology :

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Proto-East Katuic:
Meaning: to warm
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Pakoh: kǝtaw
Pakoh meaning: to warm
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: ṭaw
Meaning: to burn, brand, to mark; ktaw be burning, hot
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Old Khmer: khtaw
Old Khmer Meaning: hot; taw to print a mark with hot iron > ṭaw
References: P127, JP126
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,

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Monic etymology :

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Proto-Monic: *taw
Presyllable: kǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Modern Mon: ktau
Nyakur: kǝtaw.L
Nyakur meaning: to feel hot
References: V204, V204a
monet-prpr,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-tc,monet-tcme,monet-bib,

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