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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *čar̃m-a- c., *čar̂m-ā̂ (2) f., *čarm- vb. intr.; *čern-a- (1) c., *čern-a- (1) adj.; *čer̃šn-a-, *čer̃šn-ā̂ (1) c., *čer̃š-t-ā̂ f., *čir̃šn-a c.
Meaning: hor-frost, snow-crust
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: šar̃ma-s, šarmà `Reif, gefrorener Tau'; šer̃kšnas `Reif, gefrorener Tau', šer̃kšta`schimmelig'; širkšna-s `Reif'
Lettish: sar̂ma, dial. sę̄rma [kuron. für *sęr̂ma?] `Reif, Rauchfrost', sarmt (-mstu, -mu) `sich bereifen', sę̄rksna, -e, -is `Schneekruste', sę̄rsna, sę̄rsns, sèrsnis, pl. sḕrsni, sḕršn̨i, sērsnes `Reiffrost; Nachtfrost im Frühling; Harst über dem Schnee', sę̄rstu laiks `die Zeit, da der Schnee trägt und dadurch das Gehen erleichtert'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *k'ersn-, *k'ersm-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: frozen snow-crust, hoar-frost
Armenian: sarrn, gen. sarrin `Eis'
Slavic: *sẽrnъ B, *serno
Baltic: *čar̃m-a- c., *čar̂m-ā̂ (2) f., *čarm- vb. intr.; *čern-a- (1) c., *čern-a- (1) adj.; *čer̃šn-a-, *čer̃šn-ā̂ (1) c., *čer̃š-t-ā̂ f., *čir̃šn-a c.
Germanic: *xirzn-a- n.; *xurz-n-ing-a- m.
Russ. meaning: наст
References: WP I 409
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: серён,
Near etymology: се́рен м. "толстый ледяной наст, появляющийся от мороза сразу после оттепели, сквозь который лошади проваливаются, но который выдерживает вес лыжника", серена́ (ж.) -- то же, се́рень ж., калужск. (Даль), укр. сере́н "замерзший твердый снег", блр. се́рен, др.-русск. серенъ "смерзшийся снег", серенъ, прилаг., "белой масти (о лошади)", русск.-цслав. срѣнъ "белый", словен. srẹ̑n, srẹ̑nj м. "иней, смерзшийся, твердый снежный наст", чеш. střín, stříní (ср. р.) "лед на ветвях деревьев", слвц. srieň, польск. śron, śrzon "иней, изморозь".
Further etymology: Праслав. *sernъ родственно лит. šer̃kšnas, šer̃kštas "светло-серый", šer̃kšnas м. "иней", širkšnas -- то же, širšnìja, širšnýti "индеветь", лтш. sērns, sērksnis м., sę́rsnа ж. "изморозь; иней; гололед; наст", др.-исл. hjarn ср. р. "смерзшаяся масса снега", д.-в.-н. hornung "февраль", арм. saṙn "лед", далее -- лит. šarmà "иней", лтш. sar̂ma, ser̂ma -- то же (В. Шульце, Sitzber. Preuss. Аkаd., 1910, 789; Перссон 965; Траутман, ВSW 303; М.--Э. 3, 722, 820, 831; Лёвенталь, Farbenbez. 16; Буга, РФВ 75, 143; Мейе, Ét. 446; Хюбшман 488; Розвадовский, RS I, 256; Вайан, RЕS 26, 132 и сл.; Мейе--Вайан 36; Бецценбергер, GGA, 1896, 965 и сл.; Торп 78; Хольтхаузен, Awn. Wb. 116).
Pages: 3,608
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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *xirzna-n; *xurzninga-z
Meaning: frost
IE etymology: IE etymology
Old Norse: hjarn n. `gefrorener Schnee, Schneekruste'
Norwegian: dial. hjɔrn, kjɔdn ,hartgefrorener Schnee'
Middle Low German: hōrninc
Old High German: hornung `Februar' (11.Jh.)
Middle High German: hornunc (-g-) st. m. 'februar'
German: Hornung m.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 924
Root: ker-6 und k̂er-
English meaning: dark colour; dirt, etc.
German meaning: Farbwurzel für dunkle, schmutzige und graue Farbentöne
General comments: oft mit -i und -u erweitert; s. die Erweiterungen kerb(h)- und kers-.
Derivatives: kor-ko- `Kot, Sumpf', k̂er-no- `Eis, Schnee', k̂or-men- `Hermelin, Wiesel'
Material: Ai. karaṭa- `dunkelrot' (?), kuruṅgá-, kuluṅgá- m. `Antilope', kirmira- `bunt', kárīṣa- n. `Auswurf, Dünger', kardama- m. `Schlamm, Schmutz, Dünger'; kalka- m. `Kot, Dreck', karka- `weiß' (: mir. corcach); npers. cardeh `schwärzlich', kari, karah `Schmutz', pehl. karic `Mist'; gr. κόρυζα `Schnupfen, Rotz', κορύναι μύξαι Hes., καρυμόν μέλαν Hes., κρου̃μαι μύξαι Hes.;

    über lat. carbō s. oben unter 3. ker-;

    mir. corcach f. `Sumpf' (: ai. kalka-, karka-, s. oben);

    ahd. horo, Gen. horawes, mhd. hor, hurwe `Kot, Schmutz' (*kr̥-u-); ags. horh, Gen. horwes, ahd. horg `schmutzig' (*kr̥-k-u̯-o); aisl. horr m. `Nasenschleim, Schmutz'; ags. hrot m. `Rotz', ahd. hroz ds., asächs. hrottag `rotzig'; ahd. ruoz, rouz, mhd. ruoz, ruost, asächs. hrot `Ruß'; ags. hrum m. `Ruß', asächs. hrum, mhd. PN Rum-olt;

    mit Palatal im Anlaut:

    arm. saṙn, Gen. saṙin `Eis', saṙnum `gefriere';

    ven.-illyr. PN Carmō (Steiermark), rätoroman. carmún `Wiesel'; s. unten k̂or-men-;

    alb. thjer-më `grau', per-thjerm `blaßblau' (*k̂er-u̯o- mit sekundärem -më); i surmë `aschfarben' (*k̂or-mo-); s. Jokl Mél. Pedersen 153 ff.;

    aisl. hjarn n. `gefrorener Schnee' (: arm. saṙn, slav. *sernъ); ahd. hornunc, nhd. Hornung `Februar'; ahd. harmo m. `Hermelin' (: ven.-illyr. carmō);

    lit. šir̃vas `grau, blaugrau' (*k̂r̥-u̯o-s), šir̃mas ds. (*k̂r̥-mo-s), lett. sirms `grau' (vgl. ai. śyā-má- `schwarz, dunkel' neben śyā-vá- ds.); lit. šir̃vis `Hase'; dazu lit. šarmà f. `Reif, lett. sarma, serma ds., lit. šarmuõ, šermuõ `Hermelin' (:ahd. harmo, ven.-illyr. carmō); šarmuonỹs m. `Wiesel', mit Ablaut ostlit. širmuonė̃lis ds., lett. sermulis m. `Hermelin';

    urslav. *sernъ in russ.-ksl. srěnъ `ποικίλος', aruss. serenyj `weiß' (von Pferden) und als m. sloven. srė̂n, srė̂nj `Raureif, gefrorene Schneerinde', russ. serën `gefrorener Schnee', poln. szron (älter srzon) `Reif (: aisl. hjarn);

    lit. šer̃kšnas (neben šer̃kštas) `weißgrau, schimmlig', šer̃knas m. `Reif', ablaut. šir̃kšnas `Reif' und širsňija širšnyti `sich mit Reif bedecken'; lett. serns, serksns m., auch sersni m. Plur., sersna f. `Reif'' und serstu laiks `Zeit, da der Schnee trägt'.

References: WP. I 409, 428 f., Trautmann 300, 303, Specht Idg. Dekl. 118 f., 179, 199, W. Schulze Kl. Schr. 113 u. Anm. 1.
Pages: 573-574
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ḳirV
Meaning: hoar-frost
Indo-European: *k'ersn-, *k'ersm-
Altaic: *k`i̯ā́rme ( ~ -i)
Uralic: *kerte (*kirte) (+ ObU *kīr)
Kartvelian: ḳruχ-va 'cold'
Dravidian: *Kīr- (?)
Eskimo-Aleut: *qakru-ʁ-(na-)
References: ОСНЯ 1, 353-354; ND 1158 *ḳir(u)qa 'ice, hoar-frost; to freeze' (+ Sem.). Cf. PAA *ḳVrVs- ?
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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *k`ĭrma ( ~ -u, -o)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: snow, hoar-frost
Russian meaning: снег, иней
Turkic: *Kɨr-
Mongolian: *kirmag
Tungus-Manchu: *xima-ŋsa
Comments: A Western isogloss. The etymology belongs to R. A. Miller (Miller 1985b) and O. Mudrak (Мудрак Дисс. 193) and presupposes a cluster simplification in PTM: *xima- < *xirma( = Mong. kirma-G).
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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Kɨr-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 hoar-frost 2 thin snow
Russian meaning: 1 иней 2 тонкий снег
Old Turkic: qɨraɣu 1 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qɨraɣu 1 (MK)
Turkish: kɨraɣu 1
Tatar: qɨraw 1, qɨrpaq 2
Middle Turkic: qɨraw (Бор. Бад., Abush.), qirau, qiraɣu (Pav. C.) 1
Uzbek: qirɔw 1
Uighur: qija, qira, qiro 1
Azerbaidzhan: Gɨrow 1
Turkmen: Gɨraw 1, Gɨrpaq 2
Khakassian: xro 1, xɨrbɨx 2
Shor: qɨrā 1
Oyrat: quru 1
Halaj: qɨraw 1
Chuvash: xǝrbǝx 2
Yakut: kɨrɨa 1, kɨ̄rpax, kɨrpaj 2
Dolgan: kɨrɨa 1
Tuva: xɨrā 1
Kirghiz: qɨrō 1
Kazakh: qɨraw 1, qɨrpaq 2
Noghai: qɨraw 1, qɨrpaq 2
Bashkir: qɨraw 1, qɨrpaq 2
Balkar: qrau 1, qɨrpaq 2
Gagauz: qrā 1
Karaim: qɨraw, qoruw 1
Karakalpak: qɨraw 1
Kumyk: qɨraw 1, qɨrpaq 2
Comments: VEWT 265-266, 267, EDT 656, ЭСТЯ 6, 230-231, 241, Stachowski 169. Turk. > MMong. (HY) kira'u, WMong. kiraɣu, Khalkha x́arū 'hoar-frost' etc. (see Doerfer TMN 3, 569, Щербак 1997, 138, Clark 1977, 147, although the latter's derivation of *kɨragu < *kɨr 'grey' is hardly acceptable). Cf. also PT *Kɨr-lač 'the coldest time of winter' (see ЭСТЯ 6, 237-238).
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kirmag
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: first snow
Russian meaning: первый снег
Written Mongolian: kirmaɣ (L 470: kirmaɣ, kiramaɣ)
Khalkha: x́armag
Buriat: x́armag, xirmag
Kalmuck: kirmъg
Ordos: kirmaG 'petite neige qui parvient à peine à couvrir le sol'
Dagur: kiarǝmsǝn
Comments: KW 232, MGCD 354. Turk. *kɨrpak is probably a different root, see under *k`are.
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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xima-ŋsa
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: snow
Russian meaning: снег
Evenki: imana
Even: ịmъ̣nrъ̣
Negidal: ịmana
Spoken Manchu: nimaŋǝ (2025)
Literary Manchu: nimaŋgi
Jurchen: hima-ŋi (17)
Ulcha: sịmana, sịmata
Orok: sịmana, sịmata
Nanai: sịmana, sịmata
Oroch: imasa
Udighe: imaha
Solon: imanda
Comments: See ТМС 1, 312-313 (all languages reflect also various verbs derived from the root *xima-). Cf. also Evn. irpi ( < *xirpi) 'snow' (folkl.) (ТМС 1, 328).
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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 293
Proto: *kerte (*kirte)
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: thin snow or ice crust
German meaning: dünne Schnee-, Eiskruste
Finnish: kerte (gen. kertteen) 'dünne Kruste auf dem Schnee' ?; kirsi (gen. kirren) 'Frost in der Erde, Eisrinde' ( > Saam. gir'si -rs- (N), kir'sa (L) id.) ?
Estonian: kirs (gen. kirre, kirse) 'Eisschicht' ?
Khanty (Ostyak): kȧrtǝɣ (Trj.), kȧrtǝm (DN) 'dünne Eiskruste auf dem Schnee, dünne Schneekruste' ?
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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *Kīr-
Meaning : to be cold
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *girgir-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kir-
Proto-North Dravidian : *kīr
Notes : For SDR cf. also Muduva Tamil cirāvu, cirākkilayam "cold" (cir- can easily be < *kir-; the word, however, is not attested anywhere else in that subgroup; Mud. 118). Voicing may be expressive in PKG.
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *girgir-
Meaning : cold
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Parji : girgira
Poya Gadba : girgira
Number in DED : 1568
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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kir-
Meaning : cold
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *kir-ŋ-
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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *kir-ŋ-
Meaning : to be cold
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Muria Gondi : kiriŋ-
Koya Gondi : kirŋg-
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kiḍāng-
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Ko (Su.) kirŋ- to become cool
Number in DED : 1568
Number in CVOTGD : 681
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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *kīr
Meaning : to be cold, feel cold
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kurukh : kīrnā
Number in DED : 1568
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-dednum,

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Eskimo etymology :

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Proto-Eskimo: *qakru-ʁ-(na-)
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: frost
Russian meaning: иней
Proto-Yupik: *qakru-ʁ-(na-) (*k-)
Proto-Inupik: *qaku-ʁ-na-
Comments: The connection to *qakǝru- 'to whiten, dawn' is quite problematic.
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 279
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Yupik etymology :

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Proto-Yupik: *qakru-ʁ-(na-) (*k-)
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: frost on trees 1, pounded ice 2
Russian Meaning: иней (на деревьях) 1, битый лед 2
Chaplino: kākwaq 2
Central Alaskan Yupik: qakuʁnaq 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 279
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-cay,yupet-ced,

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Inupik etymology :

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Proto-Inupik: *qaku-ʁ-na-
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: frost 1, ice fog 2
Russian meaning: иней 1, дымка надо льдом 2
Seward Peninsula Inupik: qaɣuʁniq 2, ~ qaqsatuq- 'to have frostbite'
Western Canadian Inupik: qakuʁnaq 1 (in autumn)
Eastern Canadian Inupik: qakuʁnaq 1 'white frost on ground'
Greenlandic Inupik: qaquʁnaq/k, qaqunnak 1 'hoar frost'
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 279
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