Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVLV

Meaning : to fall, fly

Eurasiatic : *ṗVjlV

Afroasiatic : *(n/yV-)pal-

Sino-Caucasian : ? ST *pil 'sink'

Austric : *baʔl

Reference : ND 1695, 1696.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗVjlV

Meaning: to fall, soar

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *(s)pōl-

Altaic: *p`ī̀le ( ~ -i)

Dravidian: *vāl-

References: ОСНЯ 3, 97-106; ND 1695, 1696 (for some reason distinguishing between *P_[Ey]LV 'to fly, soar' + and *[ṗ]i(y)l̄V 'to fall').

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *(s)pōl- (-ph-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to fall

Armenian: phul `Einsturz', phlanim `falle in', phlucanem `mache einfallen, zerstöre'

Old Greek: sphállō, -omai̯, aor. sphǟ̂lai̯, p. sphalē̂nai̯, pf. m. ésphalmai̯ `zu Fall bringen, zugrunde richten, täuschen'; sphaleró- `schlüpfrig, trügerisch, wankend', sphálma n. `Fall, Unfall, Fehltritt, Irrtum', sphalmó-s m. `id.', sphálsi-s f. `Fall, Unfall', spháltǟ-s m. `der zum Fallend bringt' (Ben. des Dionysos), a-sphalḗs `nicht fallend, nicht wankend, fest, sicher, zuverlässig'

Baltic: *pul̂- (*pō̂l-a-) vb. intr., *pul-ti- c., *pal- vb.

Germanic: *fall-a- vb.; *fall-ōn- f., *fall-iōn- f.; *fall-a- m., n.

Russ. meaning: падать

References: WP II 103

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *pul̂- (*pō̂l-a-) vb. intr., *pul-ti- c., *pal- vb.

Meaning: fall

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: pùlti (púola/žem. pul̃na, apipúnla, púolō/púolē) `fallen'; pultì -s 'Sichdrängen, Andrang'

Lettish: pult (puolu, pulu) (älter) `fallen'

Old Prussian: aupallai `findet', pl. m. ptc. prt. act. aupallusis

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *fallan- vb.; *fallōn, *falliōn; *falla-z, -n

Meaning: fall

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: falla red. `fallen, sterben, geschehen'; fall n. `Fall; Tod, Verlust; Klippe usw.'; fella wk. `fällen'

Norwegian: falla vb.; fall

Old Swedish: fal

Swedish: fälla vb. caus.

Old Danish: fald

Danish: falde vb.; fälde vb.

Old English: feallan `fallen'; fealle `Fallstrick'; fiell m.; feall; fiellan, fyllan

English: fall

Old Frisian: falla vb.; fal, fel m.; fella vb.

Old Saxon: fallan `fallen'; fal m.; fellian

Middle Dutch: val m.; valle, val f.; vellen

Dutch: vallen; val `Falle, Schlinge'; val m. `het vallen'; val f. `val, strik'

Old Franconian: fallon

Middle Low German: vallen

Old High German: fallan `(herab)stürzen, zu Fall kommen, einstürzen, sinken, zuteil werden, umfallen, verfallen' (8.Jh.); falla `Falle, Fallstrick' (8.Jh.); fellen 'zu Fall bringen, niederwerfen' (9.Jh.); fal m. '(Ein)sturz, Ärgernis, Kränkung' (8.Jh.)

Middle High German: vallen red. v. 'fallen'; val (gen. valles) st. m. 'das Fallen der Würfel, des Wassers, der Töne, Sturz, Niederlage, Straffall, Strafe, Abgabe bei Todesfall an den Lehnsherrn'; vɛllen wk. 'fallen lassen, zu Fall bringen, niederwerfen, töten'

German: fallen, Fall m., Falle f., fällen

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`ī̀le ( ~ -i)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to fly, soar, flap

Russian meaning: летать, парить, развеваться

Mongolian: *hele-

Tungus-Manchu: *pīlu-

Japanese: *pìrù(n)kap-

Comments: ОСНЯ 3, 105-106.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *hele-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to soar

Russian meaning: парить

Written Mongolian: ele- (МХТТТ)

Middle Mongolian: hilkǟn 'smth. drooping' (IM)

Khalkha: ele-

Buriat: eli-

Kalmuck: el- (КРС)

Ordos: ele-

Dongxian: helie-

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pīlu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to soar; to drop (of leaves)

Russian meaning: лететь, парить; облетать (о листьях)

Literary Manchu: f́ele-

Nanai: pīluen-

Comments: ТМС 2, 38.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *pìrù(n)kap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to flap, flutter

Russian meaning: развеваться

Old Japanese: p(j)irugapjer-

Middle Japanese: fìrùgafer-

Tokyo: hirugáer-

Kyoto: hírúgáér-

Kagoshima: hirugaér-

Comments: JLTT 690. Accent in Kagoshima is irregular.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *vāl-

Meaning : to perch

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *vāl- (?)

Proto-Telugu : *vāl-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vāl-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *vāl- (?)

Meaning : to perch

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kannada : vāluvike

Kannada meaning : perching

Notes : Dubious.

Number in DED : 5368

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *vāl-

Meaning : to light or perch

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : vrālu

Dialectal forms (1) : vālu

Number in DED : 5368

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *vāl-

Meaning : to fly, jump

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : vēl-

Ollari Gadba : vāl- "to fly, jump, cross over"

Additional forms : Also Parji vēlpip- (vēlpit-) to make to fly, teach to fly

Number in DED : 5368

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *(n/yV-)pal-

Meaning: fall

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *nVpVl- 'fall'

Western Chadic: *(yV)pal- 'fall'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 469

Proto-Semitic: *nVpVl-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fall'

Akkadian: napālu

Ugaritic: npl

Hebrew: npl

Aramaic: B nfl

Syrian Aramaic: nfl

Notes: Prefix *nV-.

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *(yV)pal-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fall'

Mupun: pal, pál [FrM]

Sura: pal [JgS]

Chip: pal {JgC]

Dera=Kanakuru: yupele

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *baʔl

Meaning: to fly, float

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *par

Austroasiatic meaning: to fly

Munda parallels: Mun apir

Proto-Austronesian: *ubal

Austronesian meaning: float

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *par

Meaning: to fly

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: *par

Proto-Bahnaric: *par

Proto-Vietic: *pǝl

Proto-Monic: *par

Proto-Palaungic: *pVr

Proto-Khmu: *par

Khasi: per swim, float

Proto-Aslian: *pǝr

References: ???

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *par

Meaning: to fly

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *par

Proto-East Katuic: *par

References: P-608; TK16.268

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *par

Meaning: to fly

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: par

Bru Van Keu meaning: to fly

Bru: par.N

Bru meaning: to fly

Sou: pal

Kui: pa:r.N

Kui meaning: to fly; mpar.N to be blown by the wind

Kuay: pa:l.N

Kuay meaning: to fly

Ngeu: paj

Ngeu meaning: to fly

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *par

Meaning: to fly

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: par

Pakoh meaning: to fly

Taojh: par

Taojh meaning: to fly (PT-125)

Lao Katu: par

Lao Katu meaning: to fly

Ngeq: par

Ngeq meaning: to fly

Kri: par

Chatong: par

Kantu dialects: par

Triw: par

Dakkan dialects (1): par

Dakkan dialects (2): par

Dakkan meaning: to fly

Katu dialects (1): par

Katu dialects (3): par

Katu dialects (4): par

Katu meaning: to fly

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *păr

Meaning: fly

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Bahnar: par

Bahnar meaning: to fly

Proto-North Bahnaric: *par.T

Proto-South Bahnaric: *par

Proto-West Bahnaric: *par

Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *par

Harak: par

References: PNB-412, JS-254, TB17

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *par.T

Meaning: to fly

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: par.T

Rengao meaning: to fly

Jeh form: tǝpal.T

Jeh meaning: to fly

Hre form: par.T

Hre meaning: to fly

Mo'dra: pa:r.T

Didra: pa.T

References: PNB-412, GS-46

South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric: *par

Meaning: to fly

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Chrau form: par

Chrau meaning: to fly

Stieng form: par

Stieng meaning: to fly

References: SBS-232

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *par

Meaning: to fly

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: par

Jaru meaning: to fly

Lavi: par

Juk: par

Nhaheung form: pan

Nhaheung meaning: to fly

Brao form: par

Brao meaning: to fly

References: JS-254

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *par

Meaning: to fly

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Tariang: par

Kaseng: par

Yaeh: par

Harak etymology :

Proto-Harak: *par

Meaning: to fly

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Harak: par

Viet-Muong etymology :

Proto-Viet-Muong: *pǝl

Meaning: fly

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Vietnamese: bay

Thomon: pan.33

Tum: pǝl.45, pǝn.45

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *par

Meaning: to fly

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: paw

Nyakur: par.L

Nyakur meaning: to fly

References: V223

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa:

Meaning: to fly

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: *pur

Proto-Plang: *pVr

Proto-De'ang: *pVr

Riang: pǝr.1

Riang meaning: to fly

Proto-Angku: *pǝ:r; *pǝr, N-

Lamet: pɨr.1, m- to fly

Wa etymology :

Proto-Wa:

Meaning: to fly

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Paraok: pu

Paraok meaning: to fly

Wa: pun

Wa meaning: to fly

Ava: pau

Lawa: pǝo

Lawa meaning: to fly

Um: peu

Wa (dial.): pul.1

Wa (dial.) meaning: to fly

References: D-150: *pǝr

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang: *pVr

Meaning: to fly

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: pǝh.1

Bulang meaning: to fly

Bulang-1: pǝh.51

Bulang-1 meaning: to fly

Konto: phɨl.1 ???

Konto meaning: to fly

Samtao (Paulsen): pua.1

Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: to fly

Samtao (Diffloth): pɔl.1

Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: to fly

References: P-345: *phǝr.1

De'ang etymology :

Proto-De'ang: *pVr

Meaning: to fly

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

De'ang-1: bAn

De'ang-2: paɨ.2

Rumai: pɨ.55, pɨ.51

Angku etymology :

Proto-Angku: *pǝ:r; *pǝr, N-

Meaning: to fly

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Pangpin: phǝr.51

Shuangdiang: phɨr.33

Gantang: pho.51

Yongde: phɨr.33

Mang'an: phɨn.51

U: phǝ.2, m- < *pǝr

Hu: phɨr.1

Huq: phɨǝ.55

Khamet: phǝn.55

Khme: phǝn.33

References: WW-489; S-110

Aslian etymology :

Proto-Aslian:

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Meaning: fly

Kensiw: kapɨj

Jahai: kapɨj

Notes: S.BERI kapǝj is a borrowing from JAHAI (Diffloth, p.c.)

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 662133 1592475	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov