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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : KVCV
Meaning : scratch, scrape
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-kúc- 'to rub'.
Notes : For Afroasiatic cf. Dolg. *ḳwVŝ- (-ĉ-) 'scratch, scrape' (Sem., Omot., Chad.).
Reference : ND 1003, 1211 etc. (many roots); Guthrie 1186. globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-notes,globet-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ḳV[sw]V
Meaning: to scrape
Kartvelian: Laz. q̇az- 'trim, plane wood'
Comments: Expected *ś in Kartv.
References: (МССНЯ 372), ОСНЯ 1, 343; ND 950 *k[ä]s̄V(RV) 'scales, crust' (Alt. + very dubious Kartv. and Sem.); 956 *kiŝʔV 'tear, pinch, pluck' (Mong. + Ur. + Drav.).; 1003 *ḳa[ĉ]U 'scratch, scrape off'; 1211 *ḲEŝU ~ *Ḳ[ü]ŝV 'to skin, tear' (Ur. + Alt. + Arab., sparse Berb.); 1951 *q̇EZu 'to shape an object by chopping, beating etc.' (Laz + Ur. *keskV + Arab. + very dub. IE). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *kes-
Meaning: to comb, to scratch
Hittite: kisai- (I) 'kämmen' (Tischler 587), kisri- c. 'etwas aus Wolle' (591)
Tokharian: B kāswo 'Aussatz'
Old Indian: kacchū- f. 'itch, scab, any cutaneous disease'
Avestan: kasvīš 'Krätze, mit einer solchen Behafteter'
Armenian: khos 'Krätze, Räude'
Old Greek: késkeo-n n. `Werg'
Celtic: Ir cīr f. 'Kamm'
Russ. meaning: чесать, расчесывать
References: WP I 449 f
Comments: See also *kAs- 'plait, woman's hair'
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: чеса́ть,
Near etymology: чешу́, чёс зада́ть к.-л., чёска "пакля", па́чесы м., мн., па́чеси ж., мн. "очески от вторичного чесания", укр. чеса́ти, чешу́, па́чоси мн. "очески, пакля", блр. чеса́ць, др.-русск. чесати, чешу, болг. че́ша "чешу", сербохорв. чѐсати, че̏ше̑м, словен. čésati, čéšem, чеш. česati, слвц. čеsаt᾽, др.-польск. сzоsаć, польск. сzеsаć, czeszę, в.-луж. čеsаć, н.-луж. сеsаś, полаб. césat.
Further etymology: Праслав. česati, čеšǫ, сюда же чешуя́ (см.). Др. ступень чередования гласных: коса́, косма́, косну́ться (см.); родственно лит. kasýti, kasaũ "почесывать, скрести", kàsti, kasù "рыть", лтш. kasît "чесать, сгребать, царапать", kast "грабить граблями", др.-инд. kассhū́ṣ ж. "чесотка" (Лиден, Тосhаr. St. 12 и сл.), греч. κεσκέον "пакля", ξέω, инф. аор. ξέσσαι "скрести, разглаживать", κέωρος "крапива", ирл. сír ж. (*kēsrā) "гребешок", др.-исл. haddr "волосы на голове у женщины" (*hazdaz); см. Бернекер I, 152; Бецценбергер, ВВ 27, 168; Траутман, ВSW 120; KZ 43, 153; Арr. Sprd. 357; М. -- Э. 2, 169; Мейе--Эрну 792; Мейе, МSL 9, 143; 14, 338; Перссон 812; Торп 86. См. чесну́ть.
Trubachev's comments: [Сюда же хетт. kišša- "чесать, причесывать"; см. В. В. Иванов, И.-е. корни в клиноп. хетт., дисс. (рукоп.), М., 1955, стр. 241. -- Т.]
Pages: 4,349-350
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *kas- (*kas-a-) vb. tr., *kas-ī̂- vb., *kas-a-, *kas-u- c.
Meaning: scratch, harrow
Lithuanian: kàsti (kãsa/kãsia, kãsē) `graben, scharren', kasī́ti 'kratzen, krauen'; kãški-s 'Grind, Krätze, Räude, Krätzmilbe'
Lettish: kast (kasu/kašu, kasu) `scharren, Erde aufwerfen; harken', kass, kasus 'vernarbte Kratzwunde, Krätze', kasît (-u, -ĩju) `kratzen, schaben; schälen; scharren; harken'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *k`i̯òše
Meaning: to scrape, shave
Russian meaning: скрести, брить
Comments: Cf. *k`i̯ùčù. For the Turkic word Helimski 1995 proposed a Sam. etymology ( < PS *käsa 'bark'), which cannot be excluded; in that case the Turkic form should be removed from the comparison. {ND 950 proposes Turk. *Kas : TM *kesi- 'remove scales', *kesi-kte 'fish scales' which would change PA to *kesu-.} altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kas
Meaning: skin, shell, peel, bark
Russian meaning: кожа, скорлупа, кора
Old Turkic: qasuq (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qas, qasuq (MK) Halaj: qā̊s
Comments: EDT 665, 666, ЭСТЯ 5 328. The root should be distinguished from *Kaŕ (v. sub *k`éŕà). Note that in Siberian languages the reflexes of *ŕ and *s coincide, so all the forms attributed to *Kaŕ can also reflect PT *Kas. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-khal,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kisu-
Meaning: to scrape, shave
Russian meaning: скрести, брить
Written Mongolian: kisu-, qusu- (L 992) Khalkha: xusa-
Buriat: x́uha-
Baoan: χasǝ-
Shary-Yoghur: qǝsǝ-
Monguor: kiʒǝ- (SM 202), kǝsǝ- monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-bao,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xuši / *kuši
Meaning: knife
Russian meaning: нож
Evenki: uči
Literary Manchu: kuši
Ulcha: kuče(n)
Orok: kuče(n)
Udighe: kusige
Solon: usxẽ
Comments: ТМС 1, 441, 2, 296. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kùsà / *kǝ̀sà-i
Meaning: eczema
Russian meaning: экзема
Middle Japanese: kùsà, kòsè
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-comments,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 321
Proto: *kiśkV
English meaning: to tear, rip
German meaning: reissen
Finnish: kisko- 'abziehen, losreißen, zerreißen'
Estonian: kisku- 'reißen, ziehen, zerren'
Saam (Lapp): gâi'ko- -ik- (N) 'tear, pull', kai'hkō- (L) 'zerreißen, reißen', kiška- (T), ki̊ške- (Kld.), køške- (Not.) id.
Mordovian: śkiŕa- (E), kśt́eŕa- (M) 'zwicken, kneifen'
Hungarian: kísál- (dial.) 'ärgern, aufziehen, sich streiten, (altung.) kämpfen', késa, kísa (altung.) 'Aufruhr' ?
Sammalahti's version: FP *kis'ka-
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kic-
Meaning : to pinch
Proto-North Dravidian : *kis- Notes : Voiced articulation in Telugu unclear.
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-bra,dravet-notes,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *gicc-
Meaning : to scratch, pinch
Telugu : giccu (B)
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : giccu
Number in DED : 1513
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kis-k-
Meaning : to pinch
Kolami : kīseng "(Pat.) to pinch"
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : kism-
Naiki : kis-/kicc-
Parji : kīk-
Ollari Gadba : kisk-
Salur Gadba : kicc- "to pluck"
Additional forms : Also Parji kicc- to pluck (strings of instrument with finger)
Number in DED : 1513
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kic-
Meaning : to pinch, scratch
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kic- gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kic-
Meaning : to pinch
Betul Gondi : kiskānā
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kicmānā "to pinch, scratch"
Muria Gondi : kisk-
Maria Gondi : kisk-
Seoni Gondi : kisk-
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kicānā "to pluck"
Adilabad Gondi : kisk-
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Mu kism- to pinch; Gondi_Tr kiccānā to pick bhājī, i.e. green leaves for salad
Number in DED : 1513
Number in CVOTGD : 700, 671, 672
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : kis- (-t-)
Meaning: to pinch, nip, squeeze with fingers
Additional forms : Also Konda caus. kisis-, kispis-
Number in DED : 1513
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kic-
Meaning : to pinch
Pengo : kic- (-c-)
Manda : kic-
Number in DED : 1513
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kic-
Meaning : to pinch, nip
Kui : kisa (kisi-) "to pinch, nip; n. a pinch, nip"
Khuttia Kui : kicc-
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kicali "to pinch"
Kuwi (Schulze) : kicinai "to nip"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : kicc- (-it-)
Notes : In Kuwi_S kiccinai should be expected. B&E note on the subject: "spelled with ch rather than ẓ" (ẓ stands for c in Schultze's transcription). Maybe ch here is a variant of -cc-.
Number in DED : 1513
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuttia,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *kis-
Meaning : to pull out
Kurukh : kiccnā "to break into very small pieces (soft things, esp. bread, greens) with the fingers"
Malto : kise "to dig out a thorn from the flesh"
Additional forms : Also KUR kissnā to open and expand the flesh with a needle, etc., e.g. in order to extract a thorn; to goad. KUR kiccnā may not belong here.
Number in DED : 1513
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Brahui etymology :
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Brahui : kish-king
Meaning : to pluck, break off
Number in DED : 1513
braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *guḥas-
Meaning: skin, scratch
Notes: Prefix *nV- in Chadic
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-notes,
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Semitic etymology :
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Number: 1064
Proto-Semitic: *gVḥaš-
Meaning: 'skin (v.)'
Arabic: gḥs [-a-]
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *gwaHVs-
Meaning: 'scratch'
Sha: ngôs [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-sha,
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Central Chadic etymology :
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Proto-CChadic: *n-gas-
Meaning: 'mark, make scratches on pottery (to decorate it)'
Mofu-Gudur: ngas- [BMaf]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mof,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *čV́(x)qV
Meaning: to scratch, scrape
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *č_VqV / *q_VčV
Meaning: to scratch, rub
Notes: One of the few expressive verbal stems with the structure CVCV, demonstrating numerous metatheses and irregularities. Precise PEC is rather difficult (but it is not excluded that the root is an expressive derivate from *=Vwq_V 'to scratch, scrape' q.v.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *χ:Vč- / *q:Vč-
Meaning: to scrape
Avar: χ:ačá-
Chadakolob: qičí-ʁ-
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *čãχ:- ( ~ -ʁ-)
Meaning: to write
Bezhta: čaχ- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: čãχ-
Comments: PGB *čãχ-.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *=išq-
Meaning: 1 to scratch, scrape 2 to tear
Akusha: išq-
Chiragh: =isqI-
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =išq- / išq- id., and an expressive nominal derivate in Ak. qaIbš-bares, Chir. qIams ī 'to scrape'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *č̣iχ:an-
Meaning: 1 to scrape, rub 2 to fidget 3 to peel 4 to tear
Tabasaran: č̣u=ʁI- 1
Agul: č̣aχan- 4 (Bursh.)
Rutul: ʁa-č̣i=χa- 2
Tsakhur: č̣irχam aʔa- 1
Budukh: oč̣o=χn- 3
Comment: The Bud. verb means 'to peel (e.g. an apple); to hew, trim'; cf. also wo-č̣o=χn- 'to press'. An expressive PL root belonging to the strong verbal class, sometimes (e. g. in Tab.) with emphatic pharyngealisation. It seems probable to relate here, besides Tsakh. č̣irχam (which is a noun meaning 'scratch') also another nominal derivate: Rut. č̣ɨχIɨ-d 'rake'. Cf. also (with irregular development) Rut. ča=qʷa- 'to itch, scratch', Arch. χašá-s (3d cl. ba=χčá-s) 'to tear (off)'.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*cĭk ~ *ć(h)-]
Meaning: bite
Lushai: KC *tśik bite, sting (Mikir chek)
Lepcha: cuk
Comments: PG *ciC bite; Garo tśik-; Kanauri tśig; Rgyarung -mtśig; Magari dźik; Midzhu tśak; Vayu tśik; Dhimal ci-; Nishi che; Wancho (Konyak) tsat; Manipuri chik; Chepang ʒǝc-; Sichuan *ćhV; Maring chik. Sh. 53, 143, 186.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ǯ[e]χV
Meaning: to shave
Ket: dɔ:3
Yug: d́ou3 // d́o:
Kottish: hāran-čex 'to hack, bevel' (pres. hāraŋōčeaŋ, imper. hāraŋālčex)
Comments: ССЕ 310. This verb is frequently used as a second component in complex verbal stems: Ket ittɔ́, Yug ittou3 'to make notches', Ket harɔ́, Yug fad́ou3 'to split, hack'; Yug ʌxand́ou5 'to split, stick in' = Kott. ax-čex, Kott hāran-čex 'to hack, bevel', ok-čex 'to kill' etc. Werner 1, 205 <*d'oʁǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *qhaṣ
Meaning: to rub
Hunza: qhaṣ
Nagar: qhaṣ
Comments: Sh. khaṣ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,
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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *kVs
Meaning: to scratch, scrape
Austroasiatic meaning: to scratch, scrape
Munda parallels: Kar kɔi
Proto-Austronesian: *keskes
Austronesian meaning: scratch, scrape
Austronesian code: 12:25
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-mun,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-ancode,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ka:jh
Meaning: scratch
References: S-36
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-bib,
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Katuic etymology :
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Proto-Katuic: *ka:jh
Meaning: scrape
Presyllable: #
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-ekat,
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East Katuic etymology :
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Proto-East Katuic: *ka:jh
Meaning: scrape
Presyllable: #
Lao Katu: ka:s
Lao Katu meaning: to scrape
Kri: kra:jh.B spread out evenly E?
Kantu dialects: ka:s
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-kr,ekatet-kntt,
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Viet-Muong etymology :
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Proto-Viet-Muong: *ga:rh
Meaning: scratch
Vietnamese: gãi
Vietnamese meaning: scratch
Muong dialect: kaj.4
Arem: ʔakæ:h
Proto-Ruc: *ka:r.4
Ruc (Russian field rec.): ka:r.4
Ruc meaning: to scratch
Thavung-So: ʔakas.3
Thavung-So meaning: to scratch; ʔaka:j.B.4 to scratch
Thavung: ʔaka:jh.1
Notes: F-97: *ʔa-ga:s
References: TC76, TC78
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-anng,vimet-arem,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucme,vimet-so,vimet-some,vimet-tha,vimet-note,vimet-bib,
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Monic etymology :
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Proto-Monic:
Meaning: to shave oneself
Modern Mon: kah
Old Mon: ka:s
Middle Mon: kaḥ
References: S-36
monet-meaning,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-mm,monet-bib,
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