Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tum

Meaning : a k. of vessel, measure

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : tum botta, tum bukka "hollow trunk of tree used for draining water off fields"

Additional forms : Also Parji tūmu a measure

Number in DED : 3389

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tūm-

Meaning : tube

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tūmb-

Proto-Telugu : *tūpar-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tum

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tū̆m

Proto-North Dravidian : *tumb-r-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tūmb-

Meaning : tube

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tūmpu

Tamil meaning : tube, tubularity, sluice, outlet, vent in sluice, channel for irrigation, bamboo, bamboo tube, bamboo flute, a measure of capacity for grain, leathern bucket for baling water, gateway, doorway, path, way, narrow or difficult path, defile, pass

Tamil derivates : tūm a dry measure of capacity (< Te.)

Malayalam : tūmpu

Malayalam meaning : sluice, floodgate, drain, spout, perforation

Kannada : tūbu

Kannada meaning : nave of a wheel, sluice, etc., of a tank, hole or eye of an axe, hoe, etc., into which the handle goes, tube of an ear-ornament

Kannada derivates : tumbu a bore, tube, nave of the wheel through which the axle passes, outlet, sluice, watercourse; tūmbu (Hav.) outlet for a tank, (Gowda) sluice

Tulu : tūmbara

Tulu meaning : eye of a spade

Tulu derivates : tūmbarụ big hole, sluice, gutter; tūbè hole; tūmbu, tūmbè, sūmbu, sumbu sluice, gutter; sumbè small hole in a wall

Miscellaneous : IRU tumba measure (of paddy)

Number in DED : 3389

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tūpar-

Meaning : hole

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tūparamu

Additional forms : Also tūmu a measure varying in capacity for different localities; a sluice, floodgate, drain, watercourse, outlet, bore, hole

Number in DED : 3389

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tū̆m

Meaning : a k. of measuring vessel

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *tum

Konda : tūm

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *tum

Meaning : hollowed trunk of tree for draining water

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Muria Gondi : tum

Number in DED : 3389

Number in CVOTGD : 1747

Konda etymology :

Konda : tūm

Meaning: a measure of grain equal to four seers

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 3389

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *tumb-r-

Meaning : tube, tunnel

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : tumbṛa

Additional forms : Also Mlt tombra tube

Number in DED : 3389

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭompV ?

Meaning: round, convex

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *t`omu

Uralic: *tumpV 'convex, hill' (MESz 1385)

Dravidian: *tūm- (?)

Eskimo-Aleut: *tumavja-

References: МССНЯ 335 (expressive and dubious).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ŏ̀mù

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to spin, round

Russian meaning: крутить, круглый

Turkic: *tom-

Mongolian: *tomu-

Tungus-Manchu: *tomka-

Japanese: *tùmù

Comments: EAS 50, KW 399, Poppe 14, 68, Ozawa 261-262. Despite Doerfer MT 27, TM cannot be borrowed from Mong.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *tom-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swell

Russian meaning: 1 круглый, выпуклый 2 шарик, кольцо 3 кувырком 4 толстый, пухлый 5 пухнуть, вздуваться

Turkish: tomak 2

Uzbek: tọmtɔq 'stump, blunt'

Azerbaidzhan: tombul 4, dombalaG 3

Turkmen: tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5

Khakassian: tomɨr, tombɨr 'blunt'

Chuvash: tъʷmat 'stubby'

Yakut: tomtorɣo 'ring-formed ornament'

Kirghiz: tompoq 1

Kazakh: tompaq 1

Noghai: tompaq 1

Bashkir: tomraj- (dial.) 5

Balkar: tomalaq 1

Gagauz: tombarlaq 1

Karaim: tomalaq 1

Karakalpak: dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5

Salar: tombɨx 'blunt' (Тен.ССЯ)

Kumyk: tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt'

Comments: VEWT 487, ЭСТЯ 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tomu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to spin 2 spheric, convex

Russian meaning: 1 прясть, крутить 2 шарообразный, выпуклый

Written Mongolian: tomu-, tamu- (L 776) 1, tombai, tömbei 2

Middle Mongolian: tuma- (MA 340)

Khalkha: tom- 1, tombogor, tömbögör 2

Buriat: tomo- 1

Kalmuck: tom-

Dongxian: tomu-

Baoan: tomǝl-

Shary-Yoghur: tumu-

Monguor: tomu-

Comments: KW 399, MGCD 410.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tomka-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to spin 2 thread

Russian meaning: 1 сучить (нитки) 2 нитка

Evenki: tomko- 1

Even: tomko- 1

Negidal: tomko- 2

Literary Manchu: toŋGo 1

Jurchen: to-ŋo (250) 1

Ulcha: toŋpị- 1

Orok: toqpo- 1

Nanai: tompo- 1

Oroch: tompo- 1

Udighe: tompo- 1

Solon: toŋxo- 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 196. Cf. also *tumu- 'to spin' (ТМС 2, 212).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tùmù

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 spindle 2 to spin

Russian meaning: 1 веретено 2 прясть

Old Japanese: tumugji 'spun cloth'

Middle Japanese: tumu 1, tùmùg- 2

Tokyo: tsumu, tsumúg-

Kyoto: tsúmúg-

Kagoshima: tsùmùg-

Comments: JLTT 556, 775.

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *tumavja-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: round, oval

Russian meaning: круглый, овальный

Proto-Inupik: *tumavja- (*tumǝvja-)

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *tumavja- (*tumǝvja-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: round, oval

Russian meaning: круглый, овальный

SPI Dialects: Imaq tumáwiq 'round plate, disk'

Eastern Canadian Inupik: tumiujaq

Greenlandic Inupik: tumāšaq

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 349

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVMPV

Meaning : round

Eurasiatic : *ṭompV

Afroasiatic : *dumb- ?

Amerind (misc.) : *tompa 'egg' (R 216) [+ A]

African (misc.) : ? Bantu *-támà 'cheek'.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *dumb-

Meaning: ring

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Western Chadic: *dumb- 'glass bangle'

Low East Cushitic: *dub- 'ring'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *dumb-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'glass bangle'

Hausa: dùmbā

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *dub-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ring' (n.)

Somali: duub

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