Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *Savar-
Meaning : to rub in, apply oil
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *savar-
Proto-Telugu : *cavar-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *savar-
Meaning : to rub in, apply
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kannada : savaru
Kannada meaning : to rub in or apply to (as water, oil, medicine, polish or ashes), convey with a stick, knife, etc., any sticky substance to a vessel by rubbing the substance off on its brim
Kannada derivates : savarisu to have applied to, etc.
Number in DED : 2389
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


Telugu etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Telugu : *cavar-
Meaning : oil, any oily or unctuous substance; vb. (also carumu) to smear, daub, rub as with an oil, etc., apply
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : camuru
Inscriptional Telugu : samaru "ghee"
Additional forms : Also (B) javaru to apply, put on (medicine, etc.)
Number in DED : 2389
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_inscr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *[c]VbV
Meaning: glue
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *č`ap`a ( ~ -u, -i)
Kartvelian: *ć̣eb-
Dravidian: *Savar- ? [?+ Gnd *sevor 'gum, birdlime']
Comments: Expected *c̣- in Kartv. (unless PA had *-ia-)
References: МССНЯ 344; ND 488 *ĉ̣apV 'clay, mud, smear' (+ some Cush.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *č`ăp`a ( ~ -u, -i)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: glue, clay
Russian meaning: клей, глина
Turkic: *čap-
Mongolian: *čabaɣ(u)
Tungus-Manchu: *čapa
Comments: KW 423. A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *čap-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to plaster 2 eye pus 3 to puncture (a tumour, furuncle)
Russian meaning: 1 мазать, залеплять, обмазывать 2 глазной гной 3 прокалывать (опухоль, нарыв)
Karakhanid: čap- 1 (MK)
Turkish: čapak 2
Uzbek: čapi- 1
Uighur: čap-li- 1, čapaq 2
Chuvash: śop- 'заворачивать пирог'
Tuva: šap- 'to pour water and stamp (ground)'(?)
Kirghiz: čap-ta- 1, čabaq-ta- 3
Kazakh: šabaq-ta- 3
Gagauz: čapaq 2
Karakalpak: šabaq-ša-la- 3
Kumyk: (aq) čap- 'to blanch, pipeclay'
Comments: VEWT 99, EDT 394, Ашм. XII, 248. Turk. > Hung. csipa 'eye pus' (<*čapaɣ), see Gombocz 1912.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Search within this database


Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *čaba-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: glue, fish glue
Russian meaning: клей, рыбий клей
Written Mongolian: čabaɣu (L 154) čabau (DO 697)
Middle Mongolian: č[a]bsun (IM)
Khalkha: cavū(n)
Buriat: sabū(n)
Kalmuck: cawǝg
Ordos: čawū
Dagur: čagu
Comments: KW 423, MGCD 1697.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *čapa
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 fish roe, caviar 2 white clay
Russian meaning: 1 рыбья икра 2 белая глина
Evenki: čapa 1, čapida, čawiǯa 2
Negidal: čapa 1
Nanai: čapa 1
Oroch: čapa 1
Udighe: čafa 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 74, 384.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-neg,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Kartvelian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *ć̣eb-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: клеить
English meaning: to glue
Georgian: c̣eb-
Megrel: č̣ab-
Laz: č̣ab-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 248, EWK 520-521. Ср. алт. *čabV, драв. *cavV- < ностр. *ć̣abV, см. МССНЯ 344.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : CVPV
Meaning : glue, join
Eurasiatic : *ćabV
Afroasiatic : ? Alg. ĉ̣ufa, Som. ḍōbo 'mud'
Sino-Caucasian : *č̣Hĕpɨ̆ ( ~ šṭ-)
Austric : PAN *rajup 'stitch, join', PAA *cVp 'meet; touch', *cap 'join'
Amerind (misc.) : ? *cap- 'dirt' (under *tampi 'earth' R 205)
Reference : МССНЯ 344; ND 488 (SH-Nostr.); NSC 53 *č̣ebV. Cf. also Nostr. *Cap`a 'take' etc. (see Peiros 1989, 129).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-reference,

Search within this database


Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *č̣Hĕpɨ̆ ( ~ šṭ-)
Meaning: to stick, adhere
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *č̣Hĕpɨ̆ (/-b-)
Sino-Tibetan: *ćăp
Comments and references : NSC 53 *č̣ebV.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *č̣Hĕpɨ̆ (/-b-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: slime, clay; to plaster
Proto-Nakh: *č(ʕ)apu
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *č̣aba (~-o-,-o)
Proto-Lezghian: *č̣äIp:
Proto-West Caucasian: *č́Vpa
Notes: Despite the uncertainty in reconstructing *-p- or *-b- (not unusual in root structures with two stops), the root seems reliable. In PN and PWC there occurred an assimilations: *č < *č̣ (under the influence of the subsequent labial). Otherwise the correspondences are regular.

    The root is also spread in some other Daghestan languages as a loan from Avar (Darg. č̣aIbar 'floor') or Andian languages (Gunz. č̣abar 'clay').

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Nakh etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *č(ʕ)apu
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: foam, scum
Chechen: čopa
Comments: Isolated in Chech., but with probable external parallels.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-comment,

Search within this database


Avar-Andian etymology :

Search within this database
Protoform: *č̣aba
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 clay 2 mud, slush 3 earthen floor
Avar: č̣abár 3
Andian language: č̣ab-χi 1,2
Akhvakh: č̣abari 1 (Ratl.)
Chamalal: č̣aba 3
Tindi: č̣aba 2
Comments: Av. paradigm C (č̣arbí-l, č̣árba-l). -r in Av. (cf. also Akhv. Ratl. č̣aba-ri 'clay') in Akhv. reflects a suffix (probably plural). Cf. also Cham. (U.-Gakv.) č̣abar 'earth', Tind. č̣abar 'floor' - obviously borrowed from Avar.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,

Search within this database


Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *č̣äIp:
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 clay 2 slime on a stone 3 swamp 4 eye secretion 5 wet
Lezghian: č:eb 1
Rutul: ǯäb 2
Tsakhur: ǯab 3
Kryz: č̣eb 5
Budukh: č̣ebi 5
Archi: č̣aIṗi 4
Udi: č:up:u-rut: 4
Comment: Cf. also Lezg. erg. č:ep:e-di; Bud. č̣eb-iǯ 'rain'. Obl. base *č:äp:ɨ- (cf. Rut. ǯäba-, Tsakh. Gelm. ǯab, ǯabɨ-). 4th class in Rut. and Tsakh. In Arch. -ṗ- < *-p:- through assimilation; in some languages PL *č̣äIp: (through regressive assimilation) changed to *č:äIp:.

    In Tab. we could possibly link (Düb.) č̣aIṗaI 'home-brewed alcoholic liquor' (perhaps with a pejorative meaning shift < 'dirt, slime'; cf. Arch. χ:aláj 'home-brewed liquor' derived from χ:al- 'bad').

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-West-Caucasian: *č́Vpa
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to plaster, paste
Abkhaz: á-č́apa-ra
Abaza: č́pa-ra
Comments: PAT *č́Vpa-.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-comment,

Search within this database


Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćăp
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: join, connect
Chinese: *cap (?*ć-) connect, come in contact.
Tibetan: ćhabs together.
Burmese: ćap to join, unite, connect.
Kachin: čap3 to be on friendly terms; to adhere, as soot to a roof.
Lepcha: ǯŭp to be close together, to be near together
Comments: Garo tśap-tśap adjacent. Ben. 47. Coblin 57 compares also OCh. 際 *ćats juncture, connection < *ćaps, which is probably derived from 接 *ćap and makes probable the reconstruction of *ć- in OCh. (despite Starostin 1989, 238).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,

Search within this database


Chinese characters :

Search within this database
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: jiē
Preclassic Old Chinese: cap
Classic Old Chinese: cap
Western Han Chinese: cap
Eastern Han Chinese: cjap
Early Postclassic Chinese: cjap
Middle Postclassic Chinese: cjap
Late Postclassic Chinese: cjap
Middle Chinese: cjep
English meaning : to join, to continue, to unite [L.Zhou]
Russian meaning[s]: 1) соединять(ся); сходиться, сближаться; встречаться; соприкасаться; смыкать(ся); стык, соединение; 2) непрерывно, слитно, подряд; без перерыва, друг за другом; 3) получать, принимать; 4) принимать гостей, устраивать прием; встречать; 5) продолжать; сменять (напр. на посту); 6) прививать (деревья)
Comments: The character is attested in Early Zhou only in a loan usage instead of 捷 *ʒ(h)ap q.v.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 64
Four-angle index: 8796
Karlgren code: 0635 e
Vietnamese reading: tiếp
Jianchuan Bai: ća6
Dali Bai: ća6-
Bijiang Bai: -ća6
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,

Search within this database


Chinese Dialects :

Search within this database
Number: 1166
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 咸開三入葉精
ZIHUI: 2234 0342
Beijing: ćie 11
Jinan: ćie 11
Xi'an: ćie 11
Taiyuan: ćiǝʔ 41
Hankou: ćie 12
Chengdu: ćie 12
Yangzhou: ćiǝʔ 4
Suzhou: ciôʔ 41
Wenzhou: ći 41
Changsha: cie 4
Shuangfeng: ćiɛ 12
Nanchang: ćiɛt 41
Meixian: ciap 41
Guangzhou: čit 43
Xiamen: ciap 41 (lit.); ciʔ 41
Chaozhou: ciep 41
Fuzhou: cieʔ 41
Shanghai: cîʔ 4
Zhongyuan yinyun: cie 42
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

Search within this database


Austric etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Austric: *ʒVp
Meaning: to join
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *ʒap / *ʒop (cf. also *cap 'join', *sop 'catch, grab', *ʒuap / *ʒu:p 'meet')
Austroasiatic meaning: to touch
Proto-Austronesian: *SapSap; *rajup 'stitch, join'
Austronesian meaning: feel, grope
Proto-Thai: cap to take; sap to meet; cuap to meet
Notes: Several roots.
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-tai,austr-notes,

Search within this database


Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ʒuap / *ʒu:p
Meaning: to meet
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Thai: cuap to meet
Khmer: ʒuǝp, cuǝp
Proto-Khmu: *ʒu:p
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kmr,aaet-kmu,

Search within this database


Khmer etymology :

Search within this database
Khmer: tpu:ŋ
Meaning: head, south
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Old Khmer: thpoŋ, thpwaŋ, thpwoŋ
Old Khmer Meaning: head
Comments: JP derive the word from ṭu:ŋ coconut
References: P234, JP111
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-comm,kmret-ref,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
5676151408638
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov