Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *bʕēχul-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snake

Chechen: bȫχal-la

Ingush: bʕeχal

Comments: 4th class in Chech., 6th class in Ing.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *wHōrƛwVɫV (~ *b-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snake

Proto-Nakh: *bʕēχul-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *birka (*bilka)

Proto-Tsezian: *bekV(lV) A

Proto-Lak: baIrčalu

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level; one of the original trisyllabic roots. In PN we would rather expect *bʡōχVl-; the irregularity may be explained by a secondary contamination in Chech. with another root (bȫχa 'dirty', bȫχalla 'dirt'). Otherwise the correspondences are regular. Cf. also Hurr. fali 'worm' (read /fālǝ/ < HU *wāl-), see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 50.

    Abdokov (1983, 119) compares the root with PAK *markʷá 'helminth', which is hardly possible phonetically.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *birka (*bilka)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snake, worm

Avar: boróx

Chadakolob: burúx

Andian language: berča

Akhvakh: beka

Chamalal: beča

Tindi: beḱa

Karata: berka

Botlikh: berka

Bagvalal: beḱa

Godoberi: berḱa

Comments: Av. paradigm C (borxí-l, bórxa-l; Chad. burxí-l, búrxa-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tl., Ratl. berka, Bagv. Tlis. belča, Tlond. bʕeḱa [interesting forms - pointing to PA -l- or reminiscent of the original lateral quality of the second stop, and also suggesting a possibility of reconstructing an initial *bH- cluster in PA].

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *bekV(lV) A

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snake

Tsezi: bikori

Ginukh: bikore

Khvarshi: bečala

Inkhokvari: bekol

Bezhta: bekela

Gunzib: begala

Comments: PTsKh *bekoR(ǝ), (but also *bekV, cf. Gin. bika 'worm'; reasons for *-k- > -č- in Khvarsh. are unclear); PGB *bekVla.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: baIrčalu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snail

Lak form: baIrčalu (dial)

Comments: The word is recorded by Khaidakov in the Vikhl. dialect in a compound: laIχča-baIrčalu "a petrified snail" (laIχča- = lit. Lak luχč:i "earth").

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *wHōrƛwV́ɫV (~ *b-)

Meaning: snake

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *wHōrƛwVɫV (~ *b-)

Sino-Tibetan: *Prūl (~-ɫ)

Yenisseian: *ʔurol (~x-)

Burushaski: *tul

Basque: *barhe

Comments and references : HGC 28, NSC 56 *(wHVr)-ƛwVɫV, WFR 38, DCE 16. Ket 5 tone points rather to *ʔuʔrol which would contradict lax type in PNC, but may well be a misrecording.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Prūl (~-ɫ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: snake

Tibetan: sbrul snake.

Burmese: mruj snake, LB *Mruj.

Lushai: rūl, KC *(p)-rūl snake; small caterpillar, worm or grub.

Kiranti: *ral- 'centipede'

Comments: Mikir phurul; Thankur phǝrǝ; Ao per; Sema ǝpeɣi; N. Khami pǝwi, S. Khami mǝgui; Chepang ru; Magari bul; Kham gùl^L. Sh. 75, 441; Ben. 111.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *ral-

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: centipede

Dumi: rāli

Kulung: gal

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: ra:li

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: centipede, millepede.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: gal

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: centipede

Nepali: khajuro.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔurol (~x-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leech

Ket: ulɔl⁵

Yug: urɔl⁵

Comments: ССЕ 201. Werner 2, 331. The inner Yenisseian analysis suggests a compound *xur₁ 'water' + *jVʔra 'insect, bug' - which, as in many cases, is probably a folk etymology considering the external evidence.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *tul

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: snake

Yasin: tul

Hunza: tol

Nagar: tol

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *barhe

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 slug 2 snail 3 leech

Bizkaian: bare 1, bara-kurkuillo 2, bara-skoill 2, (Arratia) bara-kurrillo 2, (Ispaster) bare-kurlo 2

Gipuzkoan: bare 1, bara-kuillo 2, bara-kurkuillo 2, bare-kurkuillo 2, bara-kurrillo 2

High Navarrese: bara-kurkuillu 2

Lapurdian: bare 1, (arc) bare-korkoil 2, (arc) xinxin-barea 3, (Ainhoa) bare-kurkuila 2

Baztanese: bare 1

Zuberoan: barhe, barhánka 1

Roncalese: (Uztárroz) baranka 1

Comments: Bsq *barhe is compared only with PEC *bHōr- (~ *wHōr-); the second elements in NCauc and some of the Bsq words appear to be distinct: some of the latter approximate Romance forms (Sp. caracol, Fr. escargot, etc.), others resemble words for ‘crane’ (see *kur̄i-lo); clearly a lot of contamination and blending going on.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : WVRLV

Meaning : snake, lizard

Sino-Caucasian : *wHōrƛwV́ɫV (~ *b-)

Austric : PAN *bulilik 'lizard'

Amerind (misc.) : *uli 'lizard' (R 437); *iyala 'snake' (R 664)

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