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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *ca
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tooth
Chechen: cerg
Ingush: carg
Batsbi: carḳ
Comments: The simple form *ca is preserved in Ing. ca "tooth" (besides the more common cerg) and Chech. ce "horse's tooth" (vocalism levelled by analogy with the obl. base cena-). More widely spread is the original diminutive *car-iḳ (4th class in all languages). Cf. also Cheb. carig, Shar. cerig etc.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *cɨ̆ɫɦV̄
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tooth
Proto-Nakh: *ca
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *colu
Proto-Tsezian: *s:ɨl A (~s-)
Proto-Dargwa: *cula
Proto-Lezghian: *sɨl:
Proto-Khinalug: culoz
Proto-West Caucasian: *c:A
Notes: One of the most reliable comparisons put forward by Trubetzkoy (1930,277); see also Abdokov 1983, 85. Despite some authors (Dzhavakhishvili 1937,419, Bghazhba 1948,42, Klimov 1963,223) this root has nothing to do with the PNC numeral "one" q.v.

    The only apparent irregularity is the strength of *c: in PWC, while the PEC root vowel is short. This is probably due to the early vowel contraction after the (regular) loss of resonant+laryngeal in PWC.

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *colu
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tooth
Avar: ca
Chadakolob: ši-bi
Andian language: sol
Akhvakh: čilo
Chamalal: salʷ
Tindi: salu
Karata: sale
Botlikh: salu
Bagvalal: salu
Comments: Av. paradigm B (pl. ca-bí). The vowel -i- in Akhv. is irregular. We should also note the anomalous form Cham. Gig. suj (pl. su-bi) which could suggest a PA form *colHV with an archaic cluster.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *s:ɨl A (~s-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tooth
Khvarshi: sel
Inkhokvari: sɨl
Bezhta: sila
Gunzib: sɨla
Comments: PTsKh *sɨR (obl. *sɨRa-, cf. Khvarsh. sela-, Inkh. sɨla-). PGB *sɨla is originally the oblique base.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *cula
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tooth
Akusha: cula
Chiragh: cula
Comments: Cf. also Ur., Tsud. cula, Kub. sula etc.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *sɨl:
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tooth
Tabasaran: slib
Agul: sileb
Rutul: sɨlab
Tsakhur: sili
Kryz: sil
Budukh: sil
Archi: sot
Udi: uluχ
Comment: Obl. vowel base unclear (in many languages only the original plural form 'teeth' is preserved and passed into singular, thus in Tab., Ag., Rut. and. Ud.). For PL *-l: cf. Arch. sot, pl. sot:-or (where -t:- < *-l:-). Belongs to the 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages.

    See Лексика 1971, 111; Гигинейшвили 1977, 70; Талибов 1980, 295.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: culoz
North Caucasian etymology: 104
Meaning: tooth
Khinalug form: culoz
Comments: -oz is an original plural suffix ( < *-or).
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *c:A
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 tooth 2 fang, canine tooth
Abkhaz: á-c 2
Abaza: pǝ-c 1
Adyghe: ca 1
Kabardian: ʒa 1
Ubykh: ca-ḳ́ǝ́ 1
Comments: PAT *cǝ (the pure root is preserved in Abkh. á-c, Bz. á-c 'fang'; the meaning 'tooth' is being rendered by the compound *pǝ-cǝ lit. "front tooth" > Abaz. pǝ-c or *qA-pǝ-cǝ lit. "head's front tooth" > Abkh. a-χa-pǝ́-c (Bz. with secondary voicing a-χa-bǝ́-c).

    PAK *c:a. In Ub. the element -ḳ́ǝ is an original singularity marker.

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śtɨ̆ɫɦV̄
Meaning: tooth
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *cɨ̆ɫɦV̄
Sino-Tibetan: *ĆVj
Comments and references : WFR 47. Cf. PEA *c'el 'bone'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ĆVj
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: tooth, fang
Tibetan: mćhe-ba corner-tooth, canine tooth, fang, tusk.
Burmese: ǝćwaj tusk, fang, LB *cwaj ~ *ćwaj.
Kachin: ǯi3 to set and show teeth.
Lushai: KC *m-tśhi / *m-si / *m-fi.
Comments: Sh. 54; Luce 22.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : CVLV
Meaning : sharp stick
Eurasiatic : *c`iĺV
Sino-Caucasian : *[c]ɨ̆ɫɦV̄ ( ~ *st-)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *c`iĺV
Meaning: sharp stick
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *sīĺa
Uralic: *ćilV-mV
Dravidian: *Ceḷ- (SDr 2370); *cil- 'sharp stick' (2568) (et al.)
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *šǝlqǝ- 'blunt tooth, notch'
References: ND 2199a *ŝiʡĺV ~ *ĉiʡlV 'tooth, fang' (+ Soq, ECush Kns); 2201 *ŝi/eĺXV 'bough, twig, stick' (same Alt. + Drav. *Ceḷ- + Eg., Hausa).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *sīĺa
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: sharp stick; tooth
Russian meaning: острая палочка; зуб
Turkic: *sīĺ / *sɨ̄ĺ
Mongolian: *sidü
Tungus-Manchu: *sila(-bun)
Korean: *sár
Japanese: *sàs-, *sàsì
Comments: EAS 108, VEWT 424, Doerfer TMN 3, 325-326 (with quite unjustified doubts), MT 240 (Turk.-Tung.), Miller 1970, 129, Street 1980, 300, АПиПЯЯ 288, Дыбо 13, Мудрак Дисс. 41-42, Лексика 228. The comparison with Kor. and Jpn. seems very probable, although here we have a rather rare case of tonal irregularity: one would expect a low tone in Kor. and a high tone in Japanese. In Jpn. the tonal irregularity could be explained by a contamination with some different root - e.g., with the root reflected in PT *sanč- 'to pierce' (ЭСТЯ 7); but the Kor. high tone is still unexplained. It is interesting to note the common Turkic-Mongolian derivative meaning "2-year-old sheep or camel": Turkic *siĺek / *diĺek (see VEWT 424), MMong. šilegu, Khalkha šilbe, Bur. šülge (certainly not a loan in Mong. < Turk., despite Róna-Tas 1970, 215 with a detailed analysis of the words, see Poppe 1974, 123). The variant *diĺek (attested in MK tišek and in Yak. tisege, see EDT 563) is an obvious innovation in a part of Old Turkic dialects, following the replacement of *siĺ 'tooth' by *dīĺ q. v., just like WMong. sidüleŋ "2-year-old sheep" is an innovation following the replacement of original *sil 'tooth' by the suffixed formation *sil-dü > sidü.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *sīĺ / *sɨ̄ĺ
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 tooth 2 sharp stick
Russian meaning: 1 зуб 2 вертел, острый колышек
Old Turkic: sɨš 2 (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: sɨš 2 (MK)
Turkish: šiš 2
Tatar: šeš 2
Middle Turkic: sɨš 2 (Sangl.)
Uighur: šiš 2
Azerbaidzhan: šiš 2
Turkmen: čīš 2
Khakassian: sǝs 2
Shor: šɨš 2
Oyrat: šiš 2
Chuvash: šъl 1
Tuva: šiš 2
Tofalar: šiš 2
Kirghiz: šiš 2
Kazakh: is 2
Bashkir: šeš 2
Balkar: šiš 2
Karaim: šɨš 2
Karakalpak: is 2
Kumyk: čiš 2
Comments: VEWT 424, TMN 3, 324, EDT 856-7. Turk. > Kalm. čiš, šiš (KW 442). An interesting common Turkic derivative is *sīĺ-le > *sīle 'судак' (fish name), as "fish with teeth" (Turkm. sīle, Chuv. šъla etc., see ЭСТЯ 7; Turk. > Hung. süllő, see MNyTESz 3, 628): such derivation may be postulated on analogy with KKalp. tĭsli, Uzb. tišli (balɨq) 'судак', lit. 'fish with teeth'.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *sidü
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: tooth
Russian meaning: зуб
Written Mongolian: sidü(n) (L 698)
Middle Mongolian: šidun (HY 45), šidu, sudu (SH), sidon (IM), šidun, sidun (MA), sidūn (LH)
Khalkha: šüd(en)
Buriat: šüde(n)
Kalmuck: šüdṇ
Ordos: šüdü
Dongxian: šǝdun
Baoan: (š)doŋ, hdoŋ
Dagur: šide (Тод. Даг. 183, MD 215), šid
Shary-Yoghur: šdǝn, šǝdǝn
Monguor: šdi (SM 371)
Mogol: südün
Comments: KW 370, MGCD 728.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sila(-bun)
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: spit
Russian meaning: вертел
Evenki: silawun
Even: hịlụn
Negidal: sịlawụn
Literary Manchu: šolon
Ulcha: sịlopụ(n)
Orok: sịlopụ(n)
Nanai: sịlpõ
Oroch: silō(n)
Udighe: silou(n)
Solon: š́ila- 'to roast'
Comments: ТМС 2, 82. Most languages also reflect the verb *sila- 'to roast on a spit, to put on a spit'.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *sár
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: arrow; sting
Russian meaning: стрела; жало
Modern Korean: sal
Middle Korean: sár
Comments: Liu 436, HMCH 277, KED 895.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *sàs-, *sàsì
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to prick, stab; sharp stick
Russian meaning: вонзать, колоть; острая палочка
Old Japanese: sas-, sasi
Middle Japanese: sàs-, sasi
Tokyo: sás-, sashí
Kyoto: sás-
Kagoshima: sàs-
Comments: JLTT 748.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1219
Proto: *ćilV-mV
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: fang (of predators)
German meaning: Eckzahn (von Raubtieren)
Saam (Lapp): čâlam (N) 'fang of an animal (e.g. of a dog)', L tjalān 'Eckzahn, Fangzahn (bei Raubtieren)', K (T. I. Itk., WbKKlp. 642) Kld. tš́a̮ллan, Ko. P tša̮ɫɫȧ̮m 'Hauzahn (des Hundes, Raubtieres)'
Mordovian: ćiĺem-, ćiĺim- (E), M śeĺäń-, ćiĺäń-: ć. pej, ś. pej 'Überzahn' (pej 'Zahn')
K. Redei's notes: Läpp. und mord. m ist wohl ein denom. Substantivsuffix. Mord. n ist sekundär.
References: S-Laute 55.
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-redei,uralet-lit,

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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *šǝlqǝ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning (Rus.): зазубрина, тупой зуб, мизинец
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *šǝlqǝ- "
Proto-Itelmen: *saɫk-: *saɫk-iɫk'-ačh
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,

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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *šǝlqǝ- "
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): зазубрина 1, притупиться (о зубах) 2, трескаться 3
Chukchee: rǝ́lqǝ- 2
Alutor: tǝlqǝ-tǝl " 1, tǝlqǝ- 3, 2
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-alu,

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Itelmen etymology :

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Proto-Itelmen: *saɫk-: *saɫk-iɫk'-ačh
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): мизинец
Itelmen meaning: мизинец
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-itemea,

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