Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Nakh etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *qaqan
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 sheep-skin 2 skin
Chechen: qaqa 1
Ingush: qaqa 1
Batsbi: qaqã 2
Comments: 6th class in all languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *Gĕrkwe (~-a)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: skin, sheepskin
Proto-Nakh: *qaqan
Proto-Lezghian: *q:ärkʷa
Notes: Phonetically the correspondence is satisfactory (in Nakh *qaqa- with double assimilation < *ʁaqa- < *ʁaka-, a usual process when we deal with a combination uvular+velar within one root); but since the etymology is a Nakh-Lezg. isogloss, it is not very reliable.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *q:ärkʷa
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 nut-shell 2 bark 3 skin
Lezghian: q:ark (Khl.) 1
Agul: q:ark (Burk.) 2
Tsakhur: ʁekʷa 3
Comment: Cf. also Tsakh. Tsakh. q:ekʷa 'skin', Ag. Fit. q:ark 'bark'. Not quite clear is loss of labialization in Lezg. and Ag.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-agu,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xGĕrkwe (~-a)
Meaning: skin
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *Gĕrkwe (~-a)
Sino-Tibetan: *ghʷāk
Burushaski: *qhork
Comments and references : Cf. also OC *krǝ̄k `leather, skin' and PEC *q_ĕrVq̇wV `coat, coat of mail'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-notes,

Search within this database


Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ghʷāk
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: skin, leather
Chinese: *khʷāk leather.
Tibetan: kog, skog, skogs shell, peel, rind.
Burmese: khauk bark of a tree, LB *skuk(x).
Kachin: (H) mǝkho chaff; (?) go3 peel off.
Lushai: khok to peel off, KC *khok.
Lepcha: kok the outer part of bamboo
Kiranti: *ʔkák (cf. also *hok id.)
Comments: BG: Dimasa khu; Bahing kok-te; Gyarung rkhwak. Sh. 44; Ben. 74; Peiros-Starostin 213.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,

Search within this database


Chinese characters :

Search within this database
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: kuò
Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷāk
Classic Old Chinese: khwāk
Western Han Chinese: khwāk
Eastern Han Chinese: khwāk
Early Postclassic Chinese: khwāk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwāk
Late Postclassic Chinese: khwāk
Middle Chinese: khwâk
English meaning : leather
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Radical: 0
Four-angle index: 0
Karlgren code: 0774 h-i
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,

Search within this database


Kiranti etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kiranti: *ʔkák
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: bark, to peel
Sunwar: 'khe-ca peel
Tulung: kokte skin,bark,peel, koksa, koksoro skin (on heated milk crust on cooked food), kok- strip, peel
Kaling: 'kɔ skin, bark, 'kɔnä ('kɔgu) peel fruits
Dumi: -kǝ in sǝkkǝ
Kulung: -kɔ- in sɔkɔ-war
Comments: Cf. *hok (with possible confusion). Toba *'kakte.
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,

Search within this database


Dumi dictionary :

Search within this database
Entry: sǝkkǝ
Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology
Grammar: n.
Meaning: skin, hide, integument, bark, peel, rind, shell
Nepali: bokro, chālā.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,

Search within this database


Kulung dictionary :

Search within this database
Entry: sɔkɔwar
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: n.
Meaning: skin
Nepali: chālā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

Search within this database


Burushaski etymology :

Search within this database
Common Burushaski: *qhork
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: chaff
Yasin: xork
Hunza: qhurk
Nagar: qhurk
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : KVNKV
Meaning : shell, bark
Eurasiatic : *kV(n)ḳV
Afroasiatic : *ḳuḳ- (also *gʷagʷ- 'skin' 747)
Sino-Caucasian : *xGĕrkwe ?
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *kV(n)ḳV
Meaning: shell
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *k'onkh- ?
Altaic: *ki̯aka ( ~ -k`-)
Dravidian: *kak-
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qeɣʷẹŋ- краб, рак
References: ND 1105 *ḲäŋḲa(hV) 'shell'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-IE: *k'onkh-
Meaning: shell, shell-fish, snail
Old Indian: śaṅkhá- m. n. `shell, conch-shell'
Old Greek: kóŋkho-s m. (/f.) kóŋkhǟ f. `Muschel, Muschelschale; Ohrenhöhle, Kniescheibe, Hirnschale, Siegelkapsel, Schildbuckel usw.'; kókhlo-s m. (/f.) `Muschel mit gewundenem Gehäuse, Meer-, Landschnecke'
Russ. meaning: ракушка и ее обитатель
References: WP I 461 f
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database


Pokorny's dictionary :

Search within this database
Number: 1002
Root: k̂onkho-
English meaning: clamshell
German meaning: `Muschel'?
Material: Ai. śaŋkhá- m. `Muschel, Schläfe';

    gr. κόγχος, κόγχη `Muschel, Hohlmaß'; κόχλος, κοχλίας `Muschel, Schneckenhaus, Schnecke', vielleicht aus *κογχλ-;

    lat. congius `Hohlmaß für Flüssigkeiten' ist höchstwahrscheinlich gr. Lw.;

    unsicher lett. sence `Muschel', da zence die richtigere Form scheint.

References: WP. I 461 f., WH. I 260, J. B. Hofmann Gr. etym. Wb. 151.
Pages: 614
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *ki̯aka ( ~ -k`-)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: shell
Russian meaning: раковина
Tungus-Manchu: *kiaK-ta / -ikta
Japanese: *kàkî
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 293. A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss; seems quite reliable (linking the Jpn. form with Kor. kur by Martin 238 should be rejected).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kiaK-ta / -ikta
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 skin 2 shell
Russian meaning: 1 кожа 2 раковина
Evenki: kē̂kikta 1
Literary Manchu: qaiqari 2
Ulcha: qịaqta 2
Nanai: qǟχta 2
Oroch: kiakta 2
Udighe: käkta (/käxta) (Корм. 246)
Comments: ТМС 1, 386-387.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Japanese etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *kàkî
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: shell, oyster
Russian meaning: раковина, устрица
Old Japanese: kakji
Middle Japanese: kàkì
Tokyo: káki
Kyoto: kàkî
Kagoshima: kakí
Comments: JLTT 434.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

Search within this database


Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *kak-
Meaning : shell
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *Kak-
Proto-Telugu : *kāk-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kāk-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *Kak-
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Malayalam : kakka
Malayalam meaning : shell, cockle
Number in DED : 1423
sdret-prnum,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


Telugu etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Telugu : *kāk-
Meaning : a bivalve shell
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : kāki cippa
Number in DED : 1423
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,

Search within this database


Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kāk-
Meaning : shell-fish
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kinwat Kolami : kāke
Naikri : kāke "shell-fish, snail"
Number in DED : 1423
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-dednum,

Search within this database


Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qeɣʷẹŋ-
Meaning (Rus.): краб, рак
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *qe[f]eŋqu=
Proto-Itelmen: *qewin-
kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,

Search within this database


Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *qe[f]eŋqu= (~ ạ)
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): краб
Chukchee: qɛɛŋqú=, (АБ) qaŋqo=lɣǝn (qɛŋqǝ-t pl.)
Comments: Молл 63.
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-comments,

Search within this database


Itelmen etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Itelmen: *qewin- EA
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): краб, рак
Itelmen meaning: краб
West Itelmen: kẹvin
West Itelmen meaning: astacus fluviatis
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): rak, raki
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,

Search within this database


Afroasiatic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ḳaw(ḳ)-
Meaning: bark of tree
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Egyptian: ḳḳ 'peel', ḳk.ty 'bark' (gr)
Western Chadic: *(ʔa-)ḳuḳ- 'bark' 1 , 'empty shell of seed' 2, 'skin' 3
Low East Cushitic: Mossiya ḳoʔa 'bark'
Warazi (Dullay): Tsamai ḳaḳe SLLE, qaqqatte ST, Ḍopasunte q'aaq'-ičče, Gollango qóoq-e (Bla Om) 'bark'
Omotic: Ong ʔaqata 'bark', Mao ḳóḳíšê, Shin ḳooḳ-ra, Moča óqqo id.
Notes: Scarce data.
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-egy,afaset-wch,afaset-lec,afaset-wrz,afaset-omo,afaset-notes,

Search within this database


Egyptian etymology :

Search within this database
Old Egyptian: ḳḳ 1, ḳḳ.ty 2 (gr)
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'peel' 1, 'bark' 2
Bohairic: kūk-i 2
Sahidic: kūk-e 2
egyet-prnum,egyet-meaning,egyet-bbb,egyet-sss,

Search within this database


West Chadic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-WChadic: *(ʔa-)ḳuḳ-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'bark' 1 , 'empty shell of seed' 2, 'skin' 3
Angas: kuk 3?
Tangale: kuk-ak 2 [JgT]
Kulere: ʔa-ḳuḳ-wɛg 1 [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-ang,wchet-tng,wchet-klr,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
5729901410270
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov