Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ħāc̣u

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sparrow 2 bird

Chechen: ħōza 1

Ingush: ħazilg 1

Batsbi: ħac̣uḳ 2

Comments: Ing. and Bacb. forms reflect PN diminutives *ħāc̣u-ḳ, *ħāc̣a-liḳ. Cf. also Chech. (Usl.) ħōzu, Cheb. ħāzu etc. 3d class in all languages.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦnɨ̄c̣_́(w)ĭ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a small bird

Proto-Nakh: *ħāc̣u

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *Hinč̣:V

Proto-Dargwa: *hunuc̣

Proto-Lezghian: *nɨc̣ʷ(a)

Proto-West Caucasian: *ć̣ǝ

Notes: PWC reflects the root with loss of labialisation; otherwise all the correspondences are regular. The root was obviously denoting a small bird in PNC; the shift to "eagle" in PD is a result of development "small bird" > "bird (in general)" (as in some Lezg. languages) > "bird par excellence" = "eagle". In any case the Darg. form is impossible to separate from this root.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *Hinč̣:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bird

Avar: ħinč̣:

Chadakolob: ħinc̣

Comments: Av. paradigm B (ħanč̣:í-l, ħanč̣:á-l/ħanč̣:-í).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *hunuc̣

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: eagle (poet.)

Akusha: hunuc̣

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *nɨc̣ʷ(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bird, small bird, sparrow

Lezghian: nüḳ

Rutul: nɨc̣ (Khniukh.)

Archi: noc̣

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Khl. nuc̣, Arch. obl. nac̣a, pl. noc̣or. Obl. base vowel unclear (Rut. Khniukh. nac̣a- is not sufficient for reconstruction). 4th class in Rut., Arch.

    See Хайдаков 1973,15.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ć̣ǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 small bird 2 sparrow

Abkhaz: a-c̣ǝ́-s

Abaza: c̣i-s

Comments: PAT *ć̣ǝ-śǝ (cf. also Abkh. Bzyb. a-ć̣ǝ́ś ) with a singular-diminutive component *śǝ; without it cf. the plural form *ć̣a-ra > Abkh. a-c̣á-ra, Bzyb. a-ć̣á-ra, Abaz. c̣ara.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɦnɨ̄́[ć̣]ĭ ~ *ɦ[ć̣]ɨ̄́nĭ ~ ɦ(w)ɨ̄nć̣ĭ

Meaning: bird

North Caucasian: *ɦnɨ̄ć̣_(w)ĭ

Burushaski: *c̣hen

Basque: *h[u]nc

Comments and references : DCE 18.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *c̣hen

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: bird

Yasin: c̣en

Hunza: c̣hin

Nagar: c̣hin

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *h[u]nc

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: owl

Bizkaian: ontza

Gipuzkoan: ontza

High Navarrese: (Lezaka) ontza

Low Navarrese: huntz

Salazarese: untz

Lapurdian: huntz

Baztanese: untz

Aezkoan: untz

Zuberoan: hüntz

Roncalese: untz

Comments: The Bsq word represents a metathesis of the type PSC *ɦ(w)ɨ̄nć̣ĭ, versus PNC *ɦnɨ̄ć̣(w)ĭ ~ *ɦć̣(w)ɨ̄nĭ. Whether the original Bsq vowel was *u or *o is unclear (see Michelena 1961: 57). *u would be more consistent with PNC *ɨ̄.

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