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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirɨ- (~ *ʔI-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 red 2 blood
Lezghian: jaru 1
Tabasaran: üru 1
Agul: iref 1
Rutul: irdɨ 1
Kryz: iri 1, iräǯ 2
Budukh: ird 2
Comment: In Lezg. a secondary dissimilatory vowel shift (*ʔirɨ- > *ʔerɨ-, cf. Khl. eri); in Tab., on the other hand, assimilation due to labialisation (cf. Tab. Düb. iri 'red'). In Kryz. and Bud. the word for 'blood' is derived from this adjectival base.

    See Хайдаков 1973, 104.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *ɦirV
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: red
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ħiri
Proto-Tsezian: *ʔɨr (~ʕ-,ħ-)
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirɨ-
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is almost uniformly prefixless, thus b- in Av. baʕára-b is probably an innovation.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *ħiri
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 red 2 blood
Avar: baʕára-b 1
Chadakolob: baʕára-b 1
Andian language: hiri 1
Akhvakh: hiri-da 1
Chamalal: ē 2, eʔu-b 1
Tindi: heri 2
Karata: heri 2, heri- 1
Botlikh: hiri 2
Godoberi: hiri 2
Comments: The Av. form reflects class prefixation; Andian forms are all prefixless. In And. cf. also hir 'copper' ( < *'red copper').
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *ʔǝr (~ʕ-,ħ-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 raspberry 2 blackberry
Bezhta: oj-do 1
Gunzib: ɨr (kãj) 2
Comments: PGB *ʔǝr (or *ʔɔr, cf. Gunz. (G.) ɔr kãj 'raspberry'); cf. also Bezht. Khosh. ordo, Tlad. ordijo. The root originally meant "red" (cf. the external evidence) and is shaped as an adjective (with adjective -do/-dijo suffixation) in Bezht.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HVrV
Meaning: red
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *ɦirV
Sino-Tibetan: *HʷVr
Basque: *hori
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *HʷVr
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: red
Lepcha: a-hyir
Kiranti: *hä̀l
Comments: Cf. also: Dhimal i-ka, Mikir er, Gurung *ol 'red'. The forms may actually represent compounds of *ʔʷīj 'blood' with some obscure second component(s).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,

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Kiranti etymology :

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Proto-Kiranti: *hä̀l, *hä̀läl-
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: red
Sunwar: lal
Tulung: lalam
Kaling: hɔlɔlɔm
Kulung: halalāpa
Yamphu: harra
Comments: Toba *hala. Initial *hä- is probably a distortion of *hi 'blood' q.v. (cf. Yamphu ha-ri).
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-sun,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,kiret-notes,

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Kulung dictionary :

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Entry: halala:pa
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: adj.
Meaning: red, pink, orange, purple
Nepali: rāto.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

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Yamphu dictionary :

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Entry: harra
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: adj.
Meaning: red.
Nepali: rāto
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *hori
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: yellow
Bizkaian: ori
Gipuzkoan: ori
High Navarrese: ori
Low Navarrese: hori
Salazarese: ori
Lapurdian: hori
Baztanese: ori
Aezkoan: ori
Zuberoan: hólli
Roncalese: ori
Comments: ZBR hólli was originally an expressive palatal form, now the default word.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : WVRV
Meaning : blood; red
Eurasiatic : *wirV
Sino-Caucasian : *HVrV
Austric : *-RVH
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *wirV
Meaning: blood
Borean: Borean
Altaic: ? *ura 'brown'
Uralic: wire
Dravidian: *er-
Eskimo-Aleut: *aruɣ
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: Chuk. *aRo-(ʒbъ-) 'strong'
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *ura ( ~ o-)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: piebald, brown
Russian meaning: пегий, коричневый
Turkic: *or
Mongolian: *orug
Tungus-Manchu: *(x)ur-
Comments: A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *or
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: red-brown (of a horse)
Russian meaning: каштаново-гнедой (о масти лошади)
Karakhanid: or (MK, IM)
Oyrat: or 'grey'
Yakut: or 'blackish piebald'
Kazakh: or
Bashkir: ur-ɣujan 'заяц-русак'
Comments: EDT 192-193, VEWT 364.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-alt,turcet-jak,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *orug
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 greyish, grey-brown 2 white horse with black back
Russian meaning: 1 сероватый 2 белый конь с черной спиной
Written Mongolian: oruɣ 1
Middle Mongolian: orox 2 (SH)
Khalkha: orog 1
Kalmuck: orǝg 1
Comments: KW 288.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)ur-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: piebald (horse)
Russian meaning: пегий (о лошади)
Literary Manchu: urlu
Comments: ТМС 2, 286. Attested only in Manchu, but with probable external parallels.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-man,tunget-reference,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 1167
Proto: *wire
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: blood
German meaning: Blut
Finnish: veri (gen. veren) 'Blut', veres (gen. vereksen) 'frisch, neu, jung', verevä 'blutig; frisch, lebhaft; schön'
Estonian: veri (gen. vere) 'Blut; Saft, Gemüt, Gefühl, Sinn, Verwandte'
Saam (Lapp): vârrâ -r- (N) 'blood', varra (L), varr (T), vørr (Kld. Not. A)
Mordovian: v́er (E M), v́äŕ (E), v́är (M)
Mari (Cheremis): wǝr (KB), wür (U B)
Udmurt (Votyak): vur (S), ver (K), vir (G)
Komi (Zyrian): vir (S P PO)
Khanty (Ostyak): wĕr (V DN), wur (O)
Mansi (Vogul): üwr (TJ), wür (P), wiɣr (So.) 'Blut; (So.) rot', wiɣr (KM) 'Blut', wärtmǝt- (KU), wärǝmt- (KO) 'sich röten (Himmel)'
Hungarian: vér 'Blut', (veralt.) 'Blutsverwandte; Bruder, Schwester', vërës, vörös 'rot; das Rot, rote Farbe', testvér 'Bruder, Schwester'
Enets (Yen): (biδe Ch., bire B 'Wunde' - rejected by Redei)
Selkup: (ke̮r (Ty.) 'Blase' - rejected by Redei)
Sammalahti's version: *weri
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-enc,uralet-slk,uralet-samm2,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *er-
Meaning : dark-brown colour; blood
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *er-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *er-
Meaning : dark-brown colour; blood
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : eruvai
Tamil meaning : blood, (?) copper
Kannada : ere
Kannada meaning : a dark-red or dark-brown colour, a dark or dusky colour
Kannada derivates : (Badaga) erande sp. fruit, red in colour
Number in DED : 0817
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-dednum,

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Eskimo etymology :

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Proto-Eskimo: *aruɣ
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: blood
Russian meaning: кровь
Proto-Yupik: *áruɣ (-ja-), *arúɣ
Proto-Inupik: *a(r)uɣ (-ia-), *arrǝ-ʁ-
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 5
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,

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Yupik etymology :

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Proto-Yupik: *áruɣ (-ja-), *arúɣ
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: blood 1, clotted blood 2
Russian Meaning: кровь 1, сгусток крови 2
Sirenik: acǝx, átix, //arux [Vakh.] 1
Chaplino: āwk (ǝt), â(ʷ)k*, awk* 1, āwjaq 2
Naukan: áwk, auk 1, áusínʁaq 'red seal's wash-leather', aftuqäq* 'having too much blood'
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: auk 1
Chugach (AAY): auɣjaq 2
Chugach (Birket-Smith): auk 1
Central Alaskan Yupik: auk 1, auɣjaq 2, aunʁaʁ- 'to bleed'
Nunivak (Peripheral): auk* (-x?) 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 5
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chug,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,

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Inupik etymology :

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Proto-Inupik: *ạ(r)uɣ (-ia-), *arrǝ-ʁ-
Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology
Meaning: blood 1, to bleed 2, clotted blood 3, red 4, to work with sth. bloody 5
Russian meaning: кровь 1, кровоточить 2, сгусток крови 3, красный 4, работать с чем-либо кровавым 5
Seward Peninsula Inupik: auk 1, auk- 2, auɣiaq 3, arriuq- 5
SPI Dialects: Imaq áwk 1, āûktoq 2, W ōk* (ōɣit) 1, KI aukpalitiŋiq 'red phalarope'
North Alaskan Inupik: a[r]uk 1, a[r]uk- 2, auɣiaq 3, arriq- 'to give or get blood transfusion', arriuq- 5
NAI Dialects: B, Ingl auk* 1
Western Canadian Inupik: auk 1, auk- 2, auɣiaq 3
WCI Dialects: Cor, M auk* 1, Car aupaluk- 4, Net aukpalāq- 4 [Dor.], aupalāq- 4 [Pryde], Cop aupiaq- 4 [Met.], Sig ausuk- 4
Eastern Canadian Inupik: auk 1, auk- 2, auɣiaq 3, aupaqtuq 4
ECI Dialects: Lab aupaluk- (aupajāq- dim.) 4 [Bourq.]
Greenlandic Inupik: āk (auk*) 1, āɣ- 2, āviak, āɣiaq 3, āppaluɣ- (augpalug-*) 1, aššiʁ- 'to spill blood on, to mix blood with', aššiuʁ- 5
GRI Dialects: NG aukpilat-, aukpilak- 4 [Holt.]
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 5
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-ecis,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *ʔrVʔ
Meaning: red, blood
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: rVh (PW)
Austroasiatic meaning: red
Proto-Austronesian: *-iRaq 'red', *daRaq 'blood'
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: rVh
Meaning: red
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Proto-Palaungic: Pr rauh
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-pawa,

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