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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *χult:ul / *χ:ult:ul
Meaning: 1 lung 2 liver 3 spleen
Lezghian: tuχul 1
Tabasaran: ʁurdil 1
Agul: χudul 1
Rutul: χudul 1
Kryz: taχul 2 (Al.)
Budukh: tuχul 3
Archi: χurt:ur-t:i 1
Comment: The Shakh-Dagh and Lezg. forms are metathesized; in Shakh-Dagh the root lost its original meaning "lung", which is preserved in Kryz. (Al.) only in the compound luzu taχul "lung" (lit. "white liver"). 4th class in Rut. and Kruz., 3d class in Arch. Cf. also Tab. Düb. ʁurdil, Ag. Bursh. χ:urdul, Tp. ʁudul - all these forms point to PL *χ:-, while Arch. χurt:ur-t:i points to *χ- (other languages are ambivalent).
See Лексика 1971, 206.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *q_wǝlɵV(rV̄) / *χ_wǝlɵV(rV̄)
Meaning: lung
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The root is rather peculiar (although there are no doubts at all in its EC antiquity): it contains a very rare phoneme *-ɵ- (which yields t-like reflexes in PTs, Lak.and PL, but s-like reflexes in And. and Darg.). Several subgroups also reflect a specific variation of reflexes (*qw- or *χw-) which is a rather rare case. Since the root is liable to metatheses (cf. the situation in Lezg.), one would be tempted also to compare PAK *tħa- in *tħa-(m)bǝLǝ 'lung' (Ad. tħābǝL, Kab. tħambǝL), Kab. tħa-m-ṣ́ǝʁʷ 'liver' with a possible reconstruction PWC *tǝχ́Iʷa or *tǝq́Iʷa; however, it may be a pure coincidence, and Kuipers' analysis (*tħa as 'life, spirit') may be right (see Shagirov 2,83).
caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *pħatV (~-ā-)
Meaning: lung
Batsbi: pħajtĭ
Comments: Isolated in Bacb., but having reliable external parallels.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *quns:ir / *χ:uns:ir
Meaning: lung
Avar: huʔér
Chadakolob: huḳlá-l
Andian language: χuns:ir
Akhvakh: χ:us:e
Chamalal: χus:i
Tindi: χ:uns:ar
Karata: q:uns:ir
Botlikh: q:uns:ir
Bagvalal: huns:er
Godoberi: χ:uns:ir
Comments: Av. paradigm B (huʔrú-zul, huʔrú-l); the Chad. form reflects a former plural (huḳlá-l < *huʔrá-l). Av. -ʔ- and PA *-s:- are reflexes of the specific PEC phoneme *-ɵ- (in a "tense" word). All Andian languages reflect two basic PA variants: a) *quns:ir ( > And. χuns:ir, Cham. χus:i, Gig. χuns:ir, Gad. χũs:i, Bagv. huns:er; with assimilative *q- > *q:- - Akhv. Tseg. q:uns:ur, Kar., Botl. q:uns:ir; *q- is reflected also in Av.); b) *χ:uns:ir ( > Akhv. χ:us:e, Ratl. χ:uns:el, Tind. χ:uns:ar, God. χ:uns:ir). Both variants are probably old, since the same variation is observed in other EC branches.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *χɔṭVr B
Meaning: lung
Tsezi: χoṭori
Ginukh: hiṭore
Khvarshi: heṭona (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: heṭon
Comments: PTsKh *χ̥1̇öṭor.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: hutru
Meaning: lung
Lak form: hutru
Comments: Cf. Khosr. hutru, gen. hut:ur-dul (pointing to *-t:- - in nom. neutralized before another consonant).
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *qursali / *χ:ursali
Meaning: lung
Akusha: χurhala,χurhari
Chiragh: qusara
Comments: With *q- cf. also Sirg. qusar, Kait. qusal, qusri, Tsud. qusre; with *χ: - Ur. χurhri, Muir. χurhri, Kub. χ:uda.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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