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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *p:aIl:
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 forehead 2 horn
Lezghian: p:el 1
Rutul: bäl 1
Kryz: bel 1
Budukh: beliǯ 1
Archi: bat 2
Comment: Cf. also Rut. Khn. baIl, Arch. pl. bat:ur 'horns', bat-karṭi 'sinciput'. Obl. base *p:aIl:a- (cf. Lezg. p:ele-, Rut. bäli-). 4th class in Rut., Kryz. and Bud., but 3d class in Arch.

    See Талибов 1980, 274.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-rut,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *bʕāɫhŏ (~-ǝ̆)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: edge, end
Proto-Nakh: *bʕāl
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *bala (~o)
Proto-Tsezian: *bil
Proto-Lezghian: *p:aIl:
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular (although there is a small discrepancy in laryngeal reflexes: we should rather expect in Avar an immobile (A) paradigm corresponding to PN *-ʕ- and PL pharyngealization).

    The original meaning must have been "edge, protruding end" preserved in PAA, whence "lip" (PTs) or "forehead" (PL); finally "end" > "game end, set" in PN. EC source is probable for Osset. bɨl / bilä 'lip', see Abayev 1958, 277-278.

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *bʕāl
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: set (in a game)
Chechen: bal
Ingush: bʕal
Comments: Obl. stem *bʕālu-, cf. Chech. bōla-. 6th class in Chech. and Ing.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *bala (~o)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 crest, top 2 edge, end, corner
Avar: bal 1,2
Chamalal: bala 2
Tindi: bala 2
Comments: Av. paradigm C (balá-l, bála-l). Tind. > Inkh. bala 'edge'.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *bil
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: lip
Gunzib: bil
Comments: Isolated in Gunz., but having probable external parallels.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bʕā́ɫhŏ (~-ǝ̆)
Meaning: edge
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *bʕāɫhŏ (~-ǝ̆)
Sino-Tibetan: *phăH ( ~ bh-)
Burushaski: *bal
Basque: *beɫɦa-r̄
Comments and references : BDC 6; LDC 15 (following Bouda 1950) and MCGD 3 compare rather Tib. dpral `forehead' (?).
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *phăH ( ~ bh-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: cheek
Chinese: *b_aʔ upper jaw.
Burmese: pah cheek, LB *pax.
Kiranti: *phò-su
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-kir,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: fǔ
Preclassic Old Chinese: b(h)aʔ
Classic Old Chinese: b(h)á
Western Han Chinese: b(h)á
Eastern Han Chinese: b(h)wá
Early Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wó
Middle Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wó
Late Postclassic Chinese: b(h)wó
Middle Chinese: bǘ
English meaning : to help, support; support, supporter; struts
Russian meaning[s]: 1) помогать, поддерживать; помощник, консультант; 2) скулы; 3) отводы у повозки; 4) Фу (фамилия)
Comments: Used also for a homonymous *b(h)aʔ 'upper jaw'. Modern 3d tone is irregular.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 159
Four-angle index: 3652
Karlgren code: 0102 v-x
Vietnamese reading: phụ
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 1922
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 遇合三上噳奉
ZIHUI: 6534 0781
Beijing: fu 2
Jinan: fu 2
Xi'an: fu 2
Taiyuan: fu 2
Hankou: fu 2
Chengdu: fu 2
Yangzhou: fu 2
Suzhou: fu 2
Wenzhou: fu 21
Changsha: fu 2
Shuangfeng: xǝu 2
Nanchang: phu 2
Meixian: fu 2
Guangzhou: fu 32
Xiamen: hu 2
Chaozhou: hu 22
Fuzhou: xu 32
Shanghai: fu 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: fu 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Kiranti etymology :

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Proto-Kiranti: *phòsu
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: cheek
Tulung: phosü (also phosip)
Kaling: phosu
Dumi: busu
Kulung: phɔusi
Comments: Initial b- in Dumi is unclear. Toba 88 *phosu(y).
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-dum,kiret-kul,kiret-notes,

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Dumi dictionary :

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Entry: busu
Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cheek
Nepali: gālā.
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,

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Kulung dictionary :

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Entry: phɔusi
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: n.
Meaning: cheek
Nepali: gālā.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *bal
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: wall
Yasin: bal
Hunza: bal
Nagar: bal
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *beɫɦa-r̄
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 forehead 2 eyebrow 3 side, back (of mattress, pillow) 4 crust (of bread)
Bizkaian: (Ispaster, Markina) belaar 3
High Navarrese: bepelar 2
Low Navarrese: belhar 1
Salazarese: belar 1
Lapurdian: belhar, belar 1
Aezkoan: bepelar 2
Zuberoan: belar 1, ogi-belar 4
Comments: Meanings 3 and 4 are analogous to the NC meanings 'edge, end, corner' (Chamali, Tindi bala, Avar bal, etc.).
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-azk,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : PVLV
Meaning : edge
Eurasiatic : *PVlV (but cf. also *ṗVlV)
Afroasiatic : ?? Som. bāl 'side, edge'
Sino-Caucasian : *bʕā́ɫhŏ (~-ǝ̆)
Austric : PAN *papaR, PAA *pVʔ 'cheek' ?
Notes : Probably more than one root.
Reference : ND 1697 (Som.-Nostr.).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-notes,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *PVlV
Meaning: edge
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *bēle ( ~ -i)
Uralic: *pēḷe 'side' (if != *pälä 'half', see ND)
Kartvelian: ? Svan. ṗil-, bil 'edge' (if not < *ṗir-)
Comments: Esk. *pǝɫuɣ 'waist' (Mudrak's records).
References: ND 1697 *peḷʔ[e] ~ *peʔḷ[e] 'side of body, side' (? + Drav. *bēḷ- 'split pulse').
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *bēle ( ~ -i)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: waist, lap
Russian meaning: талия, передняя часть бедер
Turkic: *bẹ̄l(k)
Mongolian: *belkeɣü
Tungus-Manchu: *belge
Comments: Poppe 76, Дыбо 306, Мудрак Дисс. 69, Лексика 269. A Western isogloss. Doerfer (TMN 2, 416) cannot say anything but "kaum dürfte das Wort auf ein "altaisches" *belke zurückgehen". Cf. also WMong. beldüge, Kalm. böldǝgn 'die Weichen' (KW 56).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *bẹ̄l(k)
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 waist 2 mountain pass, ridge 3 back
Russian meaning: 1 поясница 2 горный перевал, хребет 3 зад, сзади
Old Turkic: bẹl (Yen., OUygh.) 1, 2
Karakhanid: bẹl (MK, KB) 1
Turkish: bel 1, 2, 3
Tatar: bil 1, 2
Middle Turkic: bẹl 1 (Бор. Бад., Sangl.)
Uzbek: bel 1, 2
Uighur: bäl 1
Sary-Yughur: peĺ 1, 2
Azerbaidzhan: bel 3; 1
Turkmen: bīl 1
Khakassian: pil 3; 1, 2
Oyrat: bel 3; 1, 2
Halaj: bīel 1
Chuvash: pilǝk 1, 2, 3
Yakut: bīl 1
Tuva: bel 1, 2
Tofalar: bel 1
Kirghiz: bel 1, 2
Kazakh: bel 1, 2, 3
Noghai: bel 1, 2
Bashkir: bil 1, 2
Balkar: bel 1
Gagauz: bel 1
Karaim: bel 1, 2
Karakalpak: bel 1, 2, 3
Salar: bil 1
Kumyk: bel 1
Comments: VEWT 69, TMN 2, 416, EDT 330, ЭСТЯ 2, 135-137, Лексика 268-269, Егоров 160, Мудрак 1989, Дыбо 119-121. Turk. > Mong. bel.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *belkeɣü
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: waist
Russian meaning: поясница
Written Mongolian: belkegü-sü(n) (L 98)
Khalkha: belxǖs
Buriat: belxǖhǝ(n), belxenseg 'big belt'
Kalmuck: belkǖsṇ
Ordos: belχǖs
Comments: KW 42.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *belge
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: lap
Russian meaning: колени (передняя часть бедер при сидячем положении)
Evenki: belge
Even: bēlgъ
Negidal: belge
Ulcha: belǯe
Orok: beĺde
Nanai: belge
Udighe: bege
Comments: ТМС 1, 123.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *pVɣ (?)
Meaning: cheek
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: pVʔ
Austroasiatic meaning: cheek
Miao-Yao parallels: MY *p[ui].A chin, cheek
Proto-Austronesian: *papaR (but cf. *SipaR)
Austronesian meaning: cheek
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-anme,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: pVʔ
Meaning: cheek
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Proto-Palaungic: Wa *paʔ
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-pawa,

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Viet-Muong etymology :

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Proto-Viet-Muong:
Meaning: cheek
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Vietnamese: má
Vietnamese meaning: cheek
Muong dialect: ma.3
Nguon dialect (1): ma.3
Nguon dialect (2): ma.3
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-anng,vimet-ncl,vimet-nyt,

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Palaung-Wa etymology :

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Proto-Palaung-Wa: *paʔ, S-
Meaning: cheek
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-Wa: *paʔ, S-
Proto-Plang: **paʔ, S-
pawaet-meaning,pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,

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Wa etymology :

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Proto-Wa:
Meaning: cheek
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Paraok: baʔ, si-
Paraok meaning: cheek
Wa: paʔ
Wa meaning: cheek
Ava: paʔ
Lawa: paʔ, sǝ-
Lawa meaning: cheek
References: D-103: *s(m)paʔ
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-meng,prwaet-mengme,prwaet-mas,prwaet-lawa,prwaet-lawame,prwaet-bib,

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