Lezghian etymology : List with all references

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaṭʷɨ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to cut 2 to kill 3 to die (pl.) 4 to throw

Lezghian: aṭa- 1

Tabasaran: kt-a=ṭ- 1

Agul: aṭ- 1

Rutul: h-a=ṭʷa- 1

Tsakhur: ha=aṭa- 3

Kryz: ja=ṭr- 1

Budukh: o-ṭ- 2

Archi: a=ṭa- 1

Udi: bost:un 1,4

Comment: The verb belongs to the strong verbal class in PL. Initial Kryz. j- is probably a preverb (cf. in Bud. o-ṭ- 'kill': jo-ṭ- 'cut', ʕa-ṭ- 'pound, thresh', ʕo-ṭ- 'to push', e-ṭ- 'to cut in small pieces'; also Kryz. q:-o=ṭr-, Bud. q:u-ṭ- 'to hit', Kryz. q:-a=ṭr- 'to mow'). Cf. (for the second vowel) Lezg. praet. aṭu-na, Ag. Bursh. aṭi-s, Arch. dur. =arṭu-r. The Udi form bost:un goes back to *b-ot:-sun.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=āṭwV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to cut, hew

Proto-Nakh: *χ-āṭ- / *χ-ēṭ-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=aṭʷ- ( ~ -o-)

Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝṭ- / *ṭǝṭ-

Proto-Lak: l-iṭu-

Proto-Dargwa: *=arṭ-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaṭʷɨ-

Proto-Khinalug: ṭʷ-i, ṭü-li

Proto-West Caucasian: *ṭʷǝ

Notes: Medial -r- is obviously secondary in PD (other languages do not have any traces of it), and may be a remnant of the separate durative morpheme. The root demonstrates the old Ablaut *a / *i.

-n-conjugation in the Av.-And. variant *ṭʷVn- may be secondary, or else it may reflect quite a different EC root, whose remnants in other subgroups are possibly Darg. Chir. čer=iṭVn- / čer=ilṭ- 'to skin, cut off skin'; Arch. arṭin- 'to take meat off the bones; to gnaw' (although the semantic difference between Darg. and Arch. forms, on one hand, and Av.-And. forms, on the other, is considerable, and the etymology is only tentative).

See Абдоков 1983, 181.

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *χ-āṭ- / *χ-ēṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to be torn, break

Chechen: χād- / χēd-

Ingush: χad-

Batsbi: χeṭ-

Comments: PN Ablaut *ā / *ē (but cf. also Bacb. term. χiṭ-). Cf. also Chech. χād-ō, χēd-ō 'to cut'. Historically *χ- is a preverb.

nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *=aṭʷ- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to cut, cut out 2 to chisel out, to dig out

Avar: ƛ:-uṭ- 1

Chadakolob: ƛ-uṭ- 1

Chamalal: =eʎ-uṭ- 1

Tindi: =eƛ:uṭ-1,=aṭʷ-2

Comments: Cf. perhaps also Cham. Gig. =aṭ-ah- 'to break off'. Most languages reflect a compound with some unclear first component. Since in other languages (Udi, PGB) the same root is used for 'to chop, cut' and 'to throw', it seems possible to relate here also Av. ṭam- 'to strew, scatter; drive, let', PA *ṭʷVn- > And. ṭam-, Akhv. ṭon- (Tlan. ṭajn-, Ratl. ṭam-) 'to throw, scatter', Tind., Cham. ṭan-, Kar. ṭam- id. (although reasons for -n-conjugation are not clear). An Andian source is probable for Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. ʎuṭ- 'to cut out'.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-comment,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *=ǝṭ- / *ṭǝṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to break (intr.) 2 to hew, chop 3 to throw 4 broken piece

Tsezi: ṭiṭ- 1 (Radzhibov), ṭiṭu 4

Ginukh: =eṭ- 1

Khvarshi: =iṭ- 1,2 (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: ṭoṭ- 2,3 (Tlad)

Gunzib: ṭǝṭ- 2,3

Comments: PTsKh *=[ǝ]ṭ- / *ṭǝṭ-; PGB *ṭǝṭ- (a reduplicated form; without reduplication cf. Bezht. Tlad., Khosh. =öṭ- 'to dig').

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: l-iṭu-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to die, to kill (plur.)

Lak form: l-iṭu-n

Comments: G. pr. l-i=ṭu-nu; cf. Khosr. liṭu-n id.

laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *-arṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to cut, to cut out

Akusha: =arṭ-/=irṭ-(Ur)

Comments: Cf. also Kub. =ēṭ- / =uṭ-.

darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,

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Khinalug etymology :

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Khinalug root: ṭʷ-i, ṭü-li

North Caucasian etymology: 217

Meaning: to cut

Khinalug form: ṭʷ-i, ṭü-li

Comments: ṭʷ- is the term. aspect, ṭü-li - durative. Cf. also =aṭ- 'to throw'.

khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *ṭʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to dig

Adyghe: ṭǝ-n

Kabardian: ṭǝ-n

Ubykh: ṭʷǝ-

Comments: PAK *ṭǝ- (also intrans. *ṭa-); Ub. a-s-ṭʷǝ́-n.

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=āṭwV

Meaning: to cut, knife

North Caucasian: *=āṭwV

Sino-Tibetan: *tā̆w ( ~ d-)

Comments and references : In ST cf. additionally *tīw(H) `carve', *dūH `beat, pound', *tu ( ~ -iw) `hammer'. Probably more than one root with *-ṭw-, but reflexes in PNC could have merged. Cf. also *ṭwVnV. [Cf. *=ĭṭV, *=ǟtwV, *=adV].

sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *tā̆w ( ~ d-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: knife, axe

Chinese: 鉊 *taw big sickle, 刀 *tāw knife

Tibetan: sto carpenter's axe.

Kachin: nthu¹ a sword.

stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,

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Chinese characters :

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Character: 鉊

Modern (Beijing) reading: zhaō

Preclassic Old Chinese: taw

Classic Old Chinese: taw

Western Han Chinese: taw

Eastern Han Chinese: ćaw

Early Postclassic Chinese: ćew

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ćew

Late Postclassic Chinese: ćew

Middle Chinese: ćew

English meaning : big sickle

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 1131 r

bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,

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