Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔäča-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to flow,pour 2 to jump,fly 3 to vomit

Lezghian: il-ič- 1

Tabasaran: ed-e=č- 3

Agul: lajč- 1

Rutul: l-a=če- 2

Kryz: q-äjč- 3

Budukh: e-χ-č- 1

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. k-iče-z 'pour, sprinkle', Bud. s-eχči 'jump', q:-eči 'vomit'; Rut. s-a=če- 'to pour, strew'; Tab. h-e=č- 'to winnow'. Semantic shifts ('flow,pour' > 'jump, fly' or > 'vomit') are quite usual. It is interesting to note an expressive reduplicated stem in Lezgian (čarčar 'waterfall'), possibly derived from this root and identic to PA *čʷarčʷa ( ~ o) id.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ǟwčĂ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to emit, pour; vomit

Proto-Nakh: *l-ēbč-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=ačʷ- (~-o-)

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔeč-

Proto-Lak: =i=či-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔäča-

Proto-West Caucasian: *ǯʷǝ

Notes: The medial *-w- accounts for PN *-b- and the labialisation in PA and PWC (*-čw- can not be reconstructed - it would give a quite different set of reflexes). The original meaning must have been "to emit, pour" (whence, a) "to wash, to bathe", b) "to throw, strew; to leap", c) "to vomit" - meanings constantly recurring in different subgroups). It is interesting to note that many languages have prefixed *l- or suffixed *-l- ( < *ɫ). It may mean that *ɫ- was originally part of the root (*ɫǟwčĂ) and was later reinterpreted as a preverb.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *l-ēbč- / *l-ōbč-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to bathe 2 to be scattered about

Chechen: līča 1

Ingush: luwč- 1

Batsbi: lepč- 2

Comments: PN Ablaut -ē- / -ō-. The medial -b- is usually a "plural aspect" infix, but here it is probably an original part of the root.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=ačʷ- (~-o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 splash 2 rinse 3 wash, bathe 4 to flow 5 liquid

Avar: čʷal- 1,čuča- 2

Chadakolob: čur- 3

Andian language: a=č-3, čabd-1,4

Akhvakh: čab- 3

Chamalal: šalu- 5

Tindi: =ačʷ-, čʷab-d-4

Karata: čočab- 2

Comments: PA "stem I" *=ačʷ- (~ -o-) is reflected only in Tind. (=ačʷ- "to flow, spread (about the surface)"). Other languages (and also Tind.) reflect the PA "stem II" *čʷV- with suffixes (*čʷVl-, *čʷV-b-, *čʷV-r-) or the reduplicated stem *čʷVčʷV- (sometimes also with a suffix: *čʷVčʷV-b-). Besides the forms listed above cf. also: Av. čur- 'to wash', čor-dé- 'to bathe'; Cham. še-d- 'to pour, strew'; PA *=ičʷV-n- 'to wash' > Cham. =išʷVn- (Gig. =učVn-), Tind. =ičʷṼ-, Kar. =ičʷan-. Cf. also a derived noun: PA *čʷa(r)čʷa ( ~ o) 'waterfall' (Tind. čʷačʷa, Kar. čʷarčʷa, God. čorča). Cham. > Inkh. šallu 'liquid (adj.)' (quite isolated among Tsezian).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔeč-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to vomit

Tsezi: ʕeč-n-

Ginukh: ič-ā-

Comments: PTsKh *ʔeč-.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: =i=či-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to pour, strew; to throw

Lak form: =i=či-

Comments: G. pr. =i=ču-nu. Cf. also l-i=či- (l-i=ču-nu) 'to throw; to jump out, to leap out'; Khosr. =iči-n 'to pour, strew', l-i=či-n 'to throw'.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ǯʷǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to vomit

Abkhaz: a-ʒ́̌a-rá

Abaza: ǯʷa-ra

Adyghe: q:a-žǝ-,ža-wa-

Kabardian: q:a-źǝ-

Ubykh: ǯǝ-

Comments: PAT *ʒʷa-; PAK *žǝ-/*ža- (with a preverb *q:a-žǝ-); Ub. sǝ-ǯǝ́-n. See Dumézil 1932, 217, Shagirov 1, 222.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *čVwV

Meaning: wet

North Caucasian: *=ǟwčĂ

Sino-Tibetan: *ćǝw (-t)

Yenisseian: *ʔač-

Burushaski: *ṣā́o

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćǝw (-t)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: water, wet, scoop

Tibetan: ćhu water, bćud moisture, juice, sap; ãćhu (p. bćus, f. bću, i. ćhus) to ladle or scoop (water).

Burmese: ćǝw be wet, moist, LB *ćǝw; ćwat, ćhwat wet, moist.

Kachin: ǯo³ pour into; čo² spoon.

Lushai: čiau wet and dirty.

Kiranti: Limbu cwaʔl water

Comments: Cf. STEDT 371-372 (listing basically only Tib. forms, but also having parallels from Naga and Qiang).

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *cuat (?)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: water

Limbu: cwaʔl

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: cwaʔl

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: water.

Yenisseian etymology :

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ṣā́o

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to wash

Hunza: ṣā́o -́t-

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