Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔaḳ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to forge

Tsezi: aḳ-

Comments: Attested only in Tsez., but having probable external parallels.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔăḳV̆ ( ~ -ǝ-)

Meaning: to beat; to forge

Proto-Tsezian: *ʔaḳ-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaḳɨ

Proto-West Caucasian: *ḳǝ ( ~ *ḳ́-)

Notes: A common NC verb; although not very widely represented, seems both phonetically and semantically reliable.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔaḳɨ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to destroy, break; to fall apart

Lezghian: čḳi-

Tabasaran: ṭ-a=ḳ- (Khan.)

Kryz: č̣uḳ-

Archi: a=ḳa-

Comment: Cf. Lezg. pret. čḳa-na, Arch. dur. =arḳu-r. In all languages except Archi, the root is combined with expressive preverbs (*č̣- or *ṭ-).

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ḳǝ ( ~ *ḳ́-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to forge 2 smithy

Adyghe: č̣́ǝš́ǝ 2

Kabardian: č̣ǝś 2

Ubykh: ḳ́ǝ- 1

Comments: PAK *ḳǝ-š́ǝ́ ( = Ub. ḳ́ǝ-ś 'smithy'); Ub. a-ḳ́ǝ́-n, a-sǝ-ḳ́ǝ́-n. In PAK the root is reflected also in *dǝśa-ḳǝ (Kab. dǝśač̣) 'goldsmith'. See Shagirov 2, 135 (with literature).

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