North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *pāHnV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hen

Proto-Nakh: *mēʔ

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔabʔa

Proto-Lezghian: *paʡ

Notes: An onomatopoeic and thus not very reliable root; the PD form is reduplicated (with voicelessness of *p neutralized before ʔ). The final cluster *Hn is reconstructed to account for nasalisation of the initial *p- > m- in PN.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *mēʔ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: young hen

Chechen: meʔ

Comments: Chech. obl. mēʔa-.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔabʔa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hen

Akusha: abʔa (Ur.)

Comments: Cf. also Sirg. abʔa id.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *paʡ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hen

Tabasaran: peʔ

Agul: paʕ

Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. paʔIa, Ag. Bursh., Burk. päʡ, Fit. peʔ, Tp. p:äʕ.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *pā́HV

Meaning: a k. of bird

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *pāH(n)V

Sino-Tibetan: *Pja

Yenisseian: *poʔja

Comments and references : In PST - a confusion with *pŏrV q.v.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[Pra / Pja]

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bird, fowl

Tibetan: bja bird, fowl, hen.

Lushai: KC > Sho phăyo bird.

Comments: Angami Naga pera fowl; Kanauri pya; Rgyarung prye fowl. Sh. 49, 134; Ben. 46.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *poja

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of duck (утка-красноголовка)

Ket: hɔja⁵, pl. hɔjeń^5,6

Yug: fɔja⁵, pl. -ŋ⁵

Comments: ССЕ 251. Werner 1, 321 *p^hoja.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVHV

Meaning : bird, fly

Afroasiatic : *ʕVp(Vy)-

Sino-Caucasian : *pā́HV

Notes : Cf. CKM *ipǝɫa- 'fly', Nivkh. *bej- 'fly, bird'.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕVp-

Meaning: bird

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ʕawp- 'bird'

Egyptian: ʕpy 'to fly'

Omotic: *Ha/ip-t- 'bird'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2347

Proto-Semitic: *ʕawp-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: bird

Ugaritic: ʕp 'ave, volátil' [DLU 84]. // The only secure attestation is 1.22 I 11: km tdd ʕnt ṣd // tštr ʕpt šmm 'when ʕnt started to hunt // to lie in wait for the birds of the sky'. Cf. also the fragmentary passage 1.18 IV 42 (wh̊lḳ ʕpmm 'let the birds perish!').

Phoenician: ʕpt 'flier; bird' [T 254], [Krah. 384]. // Not very reliable. Supposed to be found in KAI 10.5 (hʕpt zhb) 'golden ʕ.', as part of decoration of an altar (cf. the translation 'winged disk' and discussion in [HJ 878], [Gibson 97]). Here may also belong lʕpt 'against the fying ones!' In Arslan Tash I.19 (cf. [Gibson 87]).

Hebrew: ʕōp 'everything that flies' [KB 801]; pB. 'bird, fowl' [Ja. 1055]. // Together with ṣippōr, one of the main general terms for bird in Hebrew, used mostly as collective. Sometimes applyed to flying beings other than birds (šäräṣ hāʕōp 'flying insects'). // The importance of this semantic aspect of ʕ. (for the present authors, obviously a secondary development) is certainly overestimated in scholarly literature.

Biblical Aramaic: ʕōp 'bird' [KB 1756]. // In Da 7.6 (description of the winged panther: gappīn ʔarbaʕ dī-ʕōp ʕal-gabbah 'four wings of a bird on its back') and 2.38 (ʕōp šǝmayyā 'birds of the sky', together with bǝnē ʔănāšā 'men' and ḥēwat bārā 'wild beasts').

Judaic Aramaic: ʕōp (det. ʕōpā) 'bird, fowl' [Ja. 1055], [Levy WTM III 628]; ʕōp 'bird, fowl' [Sok. 399]. // Sam. ʕwp 'bird' [Tal 627].

Syrian Aramaic: ʕawpā 'aves' [Brock. 517], [PS 2836].

Arabic: ʕawf- 'coq; sorte d'oiseau' [BK 2 408], [TA XXIV 191] (cf. [LA 1956 38 259]).

Geʕez (Ethiopian): ʕof 'fowl, bird' [LGz. 78].

Tigre: ʕof 'oiseau' [LH 478], ʕayfot 'hoopoe' [ibid. 482].

Tigrai (Tigriñña): ʕuf 'ucello; fortuna' [Bass. 715].

Amharic: wäf, wof 'bird' [K 1598].

Harari: ūf 'bird' [LHar. 20].

Gurage: Sod. of, Muh. õf, Zwy. ũf, Sel. ūf, Cha. Eža Msq. Gog. ãfʷ, End. Enm. Gyt. ā̃fʷ, Wol. ũfʷ, Sod. wof 'bird' [LGur. 20].

Notes: The Arb. parallel quoted above is almost totally neglected in scholarly literature; instead, comparison with the verbal root ʕyf 'tirer de bons ou de mauvais augures du vol, des cris ou des noms des oiseaux ou de l'endroit où ils s'abattent' [BK 2 422] is very widespread. // The verbal root *ʕwp 'to fly' is obviously related: Ugr. ʕp 'volar' [DLU 84], Hbr. ʕwp 'to fly' [KB 800], Jud. ʕwp 'to fly' [Ja. 1055], Arb. ʕwf 'planer au-dessus de quelque chose (se dit d'un oiseau qui voltige et décrit des cercles au-dessus de l'eau ou d'une proie, avec l'intention de se précipiter dessus' [BK 2 408], Gez. ʕofa 'fly' [LGz. 78], Soq. ʕef(f) 'voler, monter' [LS 319]. The choice between postulating a denominal verb or a deverbal noun is difficult. In any case, the faunal term meaning 'bird' shoud be postulated already for PS. // [Fron. 294]: *ʕawp- 'volatili' (Gez., Arb. /augury/, Syr., Hbr.); [KB 801]: Hbr., Ugr., Arm., Arb. (ʕawf- 'augury with birds'), Gez., Tgr.; [Firmage 1154]: Hbr., Arm., Gez., Arb.; [DLU 84]: Ugr., Hbr., Syr., Gez., Arb.; [LGz. 78]: Gez., Eth., Arb. (ʕawf- 'omen'), Hbr., Ugr. (also verbal roots).

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ʕpy late, gr.

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: fliegen

Notes: EG I 179

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *Ha/ip-t-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'bird'

Dime: ibt BF, ipt, ift Fl

Ari: apti BGR, (ʔ)aft-i GR

Hamer: apt-i L, aft-i HKL

Notes: Bend Aroid 145

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