North Caucasian etymology : List with all references

Proto-North Caucasian: *=HimG_wV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to go, walk

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q̇:Vq̇:ʷVn-

Proto-Tsezian: *=o( ̃)qʷ- B (~-e-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiqI:ʷä-

Proto-Khinalug: -ʁi

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. One is tempted to compare also PN *ʁo-, the present (durative) stem from *-aχ- 'to go', but this raises phonetic problems.

The PC and Av. forms (as well as PL Ablaut grade *ʔoqI:ʷä-) reflect a PEC Ablaut grade *-HumG_wV; in Av. the root is reduplicated.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q̇:Vq̇:ʷVn-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to set off, be on the road

Avar: q̇:óq̇-n-

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *=o( ̃)qʷ- B (~-e-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to go 2 to come

Tsezi: oq- (Radzhibov)

Khvarshi: =eqʷ- 1

Inkhokvari: =eqʷ- 1

Comments: PTsKh *=eqʷ-.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiqI:ʷä-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to come 2 to go 3 to go away 4 coming 5 bring

Lezghian: q:ʷe- (inf.) 1

Tabasaran: ʁI- 1, 2; a=ʁI-2

Agul: baI- 2

Rutul: qI-u=ʁIu- 3

Tsakhur: =ɨq:Ia- 2

Kryz: t-uʁ- 5

Budukh: č-a=ʁ- 2,5

Archi: qIe-s,herqIa-s 2

Udi: eʁa-lo 4

Comment: Different grades of the PL Ablaut paradigm (*ʔiqI:ʷä-/*ʔäqI:ʷa-/*ʔoqI:ʷä-) are reflected in different languages (all three grades simultaneously are present in Archi: qIe-s /*ʔiqI:ʷä-/, dur. orqIi-r /*ʔoqI:ʷä-/ 'go', h-erqIa-s /*ʔäqI:ʷa-/ 'go, walk'). The Ag. form varies across dialects: Rich. baI-, Tp.,Bursh. waI-, Fit. ʁIʷa-. In the prohibitive form (meaning in Ag. both "do not go" and "do not be, become") the root consonant either loses labialisation (Bursh. maR̀a), or acquires nasalisation (Rich. maIma). In Budukh č-a=ʁ- is durative, tu=ʁ- ( = Kryz. tuʁ-) - terminative; cf. also Kryz. q:-äʁ- 'to bring (from below)', ʕ-uʁ- 'to bring (from above)' ( = Bud. ʕu=ʁ- id.).

Khinalug etymology :

Khinalug root: -ʁi

North Caucasian etymology: 23

Meaning: to go

Khinalug form: -ʁi

Comments: The root is used only with preverbs with the meaning 'to go towards smth.'; it is part of the suppletive paradigm with -χi 'to go away from smth.' (see FGKY pp.54-56).