North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *c_́eƛ̣V/ *ƛ̣_ećV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: fish; lizard

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ƛ̣Vnč:V / *ƛ̣:Vnč:V

Proto-Tsezian: *ƛɔče ( ~ -u-)

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣eƛ̣ / *č̣eƛ̣:

Proto-Khinalug: c̣inḳaz

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. An expressive root with many irregular changes (metatheses, as-/dissimilations etc.). The reconstruction is complicated by contaminations with another root, PEC *ḳVm(V)ć_V 'lizard' (which explains the nasal resonant in PA and Khin.).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ƛ̣Vnč:V / *ƛ̣:Vnč:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: lizard

Chadakolob: ƛ̣ec

Andian language: ƛ̣erč:in (Khaid.)

Karata: anč:u

Comments: The root has clearly a lateral initial (with some variations in strength) and should be kept distinct from PA *ḳonč:V q.v. (however, the two roots may have mutually influenced each other). Cf. also Av. Andl. ƛ̣inč:, Unt. ƛ̣enčro id.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ƛɔče ( ~ -u-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: frog

Ginukh: ƛoči

Comments: Attested only in Gin., but having probable external parallels.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣eƛ̣ / *č̣eƛ̣:

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 fish 2 green

Tabasaran: čič̣ 1 (Kand.)

Agul: č̣ek: 1

Kryz: č̣uk-nu 2

Comment: There is a certain instability of laryngeal features (rather usual for roots with two occlusives): Tab. points to PL *č̣eƛ̣ (in Tab. there occurred a secondary dissimilative deglottalisation; -č̣ is a normal reflex of *ƛ̣ probably indicating that the original vowel base had a front Auslaut vowel), but Ag. -k: and Kryz. -k- point rather to *ƛ̣: (there is, however, also a recorded variant Kryz. č̣uḳ-ni with ḳ pointing to *ƛ̣). The semantic correlation "fish" : "green" is rather common in Caucasian languages.

Khinalug etymology :

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛ̣íćV

Meaning: leech, snake, fish

North Caucasian: *c_́eƛ̣V/ *ƛ̣_ećV

Sino-Tibetan: *lit

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lit

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leech

Lushai: hlīt a water leech.

Lepcha: hlet-bŭ water leech

Kiranti: *lút

Comments: Mikir iŋlit water leech; Ao Naga melet horse-leech. Ben. 83.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *lút

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: water leech

Tulung: 'lǝ, 'lǝʔǝ

Kaling: 'lu

Limbu: lup

Kulung: li

Yamphu: loʔwä

Comments: Toba 92 *lokpei.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: lup

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: large grey leech whose larvae infest puddles and drinking holes, whence they enter the nostrils and sinuses of cattle where they mature

Comments: when fullgrown and glutted they abandon their roost through the nostrils of the drinking cow to re-enter the water and multiply; the lup can be lured out of its bovine host by splashing water up the cow's nose and grabbing the hydrophilic lup as it gropes downward with its posterior extremity; the lup seldom infests humans, but can then be extracted following the same procedure; cf. lakphɛʔl.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: li

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: water leech

Nepali: pāiī jukā.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: loʔwä

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <loʔä>

Grammar: n.

Meaning: leech.

Nepali: jukā

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