Севернокавказская этимология : Выводить со всеми ссылками

PROTO: *c̣ĂwnV

PRNUM: PRNUM

MEANING: dark

AAND: *b-Vc̣V-

LAK: c̣an

DARG: *c̣aIb- (~-p:-)

LEZG: *ʔVc̣Vn-

ABAD: *c̣ʷa

COMMENT: As seen from the Lak. and Darg. forms, the use of this root with class prefixes (*w-, reflected in Av. and Ud.) is probably secondary. Medial *-w- is reflected in Darg. as -b- and in PWC as labialisation. Pharyngealisation in Dargwa may be secondary (expressive); if it is not, *c̣HĂwnV should be reconstructed. See Абдоков 1983, 142.

Аваро-андийская этимология :

Праформа: *b-Vc̣V-

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: dark

Аварский: béc̣a-

Комментарии: Isolated in Av., but with reliable external parallels. Av. > Tsez. bec̣aw id.

Лакская этимология :

Лакский корень: c̣an

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: darkness

Лакская форма: c̣an

Комментарий: 4th class. Also adjective: c̣an-s:a 'dark'.

Даргинская этимология :

Прадаргинский: *c̣aIb- (~-p:-)

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: dark

Акушинский: c̣aIb-si

Комментарии: Cf. also Ur. c̣aIb, Kub. c̣aIb-ʁ 'darkness', Kharb. c̣ab-se, Kait. c̣aIm-q̇il 'dark'.

Лезгинская этимология :

Пралезгинский: *ʔVc̣Vn-

СК этимология: СК этимология

Значение: dark, darkness

Удинский: b-eIinq:

Комментарий: Cf. also Ud. Vart. b-ajinq: id. The PL reconstruction is highly hypothetical (since Ud. intervocal zero can reflect many PL consonants): it just means that the Ud. form can correspond to the other EC reflexes of *c̣VwnV-.

Абхазо-адыгская этимология :

Празападнокавказский: *c̣ʷa

Севернокавказская этимология: Севернокавказская этимология

Значение: black

Абхазский: á-jkʷa-č̣̌a

Абазинский: kʷa-jč̣ʷa

Адыгейский: s.́̌ǝ-c̣a

Кабардинский: f̣ǝ-c̣a

Убыхский: ǯ́a

Комментарии: The PAT form is a compound *jǝkʷa-c̣ʷa (for the first part cf. Abkh. a-jkʷá dark'). -c̣ʷa can not be treated here as the same root as PAT *jac̣ʷa 'blue, green' (q.v.) for accentological reasons: a-jkʷá(j)č̣a would be expected in Abkh.).

The PAK word *c̣ʷǝc̣a 'black' goes back (as proposed by Шагиров 2, 103) to *c̣ʷǝ 'black' + *ṗc̣a- 'thick, dense' with secondary elision of -ṗ-; the root *c̣ʷA 'black' is used also in a number of other compounds.

Since exactly the same correspondence is present in the word for 'fire' (q.v.) one can not separate the Ub. form from the rest, but problems remain: we have to account for deglottalisation and delabialisation of the root consonant. We can, however, suppose that the original form is still preserved in the word for 'coal': Ub. ǵá(n)-c̣ʷa, cf. PAK *c̣ʷa-mǝč̣́ǝ id.