North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *rVHVnƛ_wV̆ (/*HVrVnƛ_wV̆)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: some internal organ

Proto-Nakh: *daHVχ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *riƛ:V

Proto-Tsezian: *ʎ:[a]rV (~ L:-,-l-)

Proto-Lezghian: *neʎ:ʷ-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The listed forms are very probably related, but precise reconstruction of the PEC root is rather difficult because of its complicated structure (trisyllabic - as clearly seen from the PN form) and metatheses.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *daHVχ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: liver

Chechen: doʕaχ

Ingush: dijχk

Batsbi: dʕeʔ

Comments: The PN reconstruction presents some difficulties. Chech. points to *-u- in the 2d syllable (doʕaχ < *daHuχ), Ing. - to *-i- (dīχk < *daHiχ-iḳ with a diminutive suffix) and Bacb. - to *-e-. Final -ʔ in Bacb. is probably a re- sult of assimilation (spirant -χ > laryngeal); anyway, it is impossible to separate the Bacb. form from Chech. and Ing. The word belongs to the 3d class in all languages.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *riƛ:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: diaphragm

Tindi: reƛ:a-ƛ:a riƛ̣:i

Comments: The Tindi expression means literally "flesh of the diaphragm". The same root is probably reflected in the PA compound meaning "liver", *riƛ̣a-jiƛ:i < *riƛ̣a-riƛ:i q.v.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ʎ:arV (~ L:-,-l-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: belly (exterior part)

Tsezi: ʎara

Khvarshi: oʎore (Radzhibov)

Comments: PTsKh *ʎ[a]RV. Because of its meaning, the word should be kept distant from *LVrV 'besom' q.v.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *neʎ:ʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: placenta

Lezghian: gen

Rutul: nixrä

Comment: For labialisation cf. Lezg. Akht. gʷen. Since evidence is rather scanty, the root is difficult to reconstruct. The original form must have been something like *neƛʷ; the Rutul form probably reflects an original plural (cf. Lezg. gener), while in Lezg. there occurred a metathesis.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ŋHVrʎwV ?

Meaning: womb, afterbirth

North Caucasian: *rVHVnƛ_wV̆ (/*HVrVnƛ_wV̆)

Sino-Tibetan: *ŋal

Burushaski: *-úlʒ́i

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ŋal

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: womb

Tibetan: mŋal womb

Kiranti: *ŋä(l)

Comments: STEDT 289-290 *[m/l]-ŋal, also listing Meithei naw-phǝm 'placenta', Bunan ŋal 'womb', Chepang so-nalʔ 'womb' etc.

Kiranti etymology :

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-úlʒ́i

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: foetus

Hunza: -úlʒ́i

Nagar: -úlʒ́i

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