Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *č̣:al- (~-o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to milk

Avar: =eč̣:-

Chadakolob: =ec̣-

Andian language: =erč̣:-

Tindi: č:al-

Comments: The Tind. form reflects stem II (*č̣:Vl-), while others reflect stem I (*-Vč̣:(Vl)).

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=Hoǯ_Ăl

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to pour, drink; to strain, milk

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *č̣:al- (~-o-)

Proto-Lak: ħač̣a-

Proto-Dargwa: *=i(r)č:-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡoč̣:an- (~-l-)

Proto-Khinalug: loži

Proto-West Caucasian: *žV

Notes: Trubetzkoy (1930, 88-89) compares the WC root with other EC material (see *=ānʒŭ); the present comparison seems to us preferable, because the WC root contains not a hissing, but a hushing affricate (the correspondence PAK *ź : Ub., PAK *z points only to PWC *ž).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: ħač̣a-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drink

Lak form: ħač̣a-

Comments: G.pr. ħa=č̣u-n. Cf. Khosr. haIč̣a-n id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=i(r)č:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to drink

Akusha: už-es

Chiragh: =erč:- /=uč:-

Comments: Cf. also Ur. =irǯ-/=uǯ-.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʡoč̣:an- (~-l-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to wash

Tabasaran: u=č:-

Agul: ʕuč:-

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Bursh. ʡülč:an-as 'wash', Tp. (Shaum. with a faulty notation) ʕüč̣anas id.

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *žV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to settle down, get filtered 2 to filter, strain

Abkhaz: a-za-rá 1

Abaza: ra-ʒa-ra 2

Adyghe: zǝ-n 2

Kabardian: zǝ-n 2

Ubykh: zǝ- 2

Comments: PAT *źa (cf. also Bzyb. a-źa-rá 'to settle down') / *ra-ʒ́a- (with a causative prefix and a secondary affricatisation; cf. also Abkh. á-ra-ʒa-ra, Bzyb. á-ra-ʒ́a-ra 'to filter, strain'); PAK *zǝ-. See Shagirov 1, 212.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=HóǯAl ( ~ -šd-)

Meaning: to press, strain

North Caucasian: *=Hoǯ_Ăl

Sino-Tibetan: *ćer

Burushaski: *ʒ́al

Basque: *ɦolaic

Comments and references : WFR 113.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćer

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: press, squeeze

Tibetan: bćer, bćir, gćar, ãćhir to squeeze, to press.

Kachin: ǯen² to strain, filter.

Comments: Kham ćar. Cf. *[ś]ūr.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ʒ́al

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to sieve, filter

Hunza: ʒ́al -́t-

Nagar: ʒ́al -́t-

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *ɦolaic

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: colostrum, first milk

Bizkaian: oratz, oreitz, (Elorrio) ogitz

Gipuzkoan: oreitz

High Navarrese: oritz

Low Navarrese: horitz, (Hazparren) olitz

Lapurdian: horitz

Zuberoan: óritz

Roncalese: oritz

Comments: One of the words in which the change of -l- > -r- was not complete (here in Hazparren).

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