Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *|ʔo

Meaning : dry; barren

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : |ō "to become dry (of cow)"; |ō "auftrocknen, versiegen" (R.)

!Ora : |ʔȯ; |oko (Wu.)

References : Haacke 55; Meinhof 94; Rust 314; Wuras 20.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *|ʔô

Meaning : dry; barren

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *|ʔo

West Khoe : *|ʔô

East Khoe : *|ʔô

References : Vossen 497-498.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *|ʔô

Meaning : dry; barren

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Naro : |ʔô (V.)

References : Vossen 497-498.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *|ʔô

Meaning : dry; barren

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Kua : |ʔô

Tsua : |ʔô

Hietshware : |ko "to dry", |koo "dryness"

References : Dornan 104; Vossen 497-498.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *|q̇o

Meaning : dry

Proto-Bushman : *|qʔo(o)

Proto-Khoe : *|ʔô

Notes : See Honken 1998: 172. Some secondary contact forms may be present, but overall, the root is too widely spread to be completely attributable to diffusion.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 57

Proto-Bushman : *ǀqʔo(o)

Meaning : dry

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : √ǀʼo

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀʔò

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀo

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *ǀqʔau

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Irregular *-ʔ- in PT; however, some forms may have been influenced by or borrowed from Khoekhoe.

References : Honken 1998: 172.

North Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Ju: √ǀʼo

Tonal pattern: LL [j]

Meaning: to be dry

Peripheral Khoisan etymology: Peripheral Khoisan etymology

Juǀʼhoan : ǀʼò // ǀʼò-ǀʼò "to dry, dry oneself"

References : Dickens 296, 297.

RefLex number: 1942

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *|ʔò

Meaning : to be dry

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : |ʔòo

!Xoong derivates : |ʔòo |ʔòo tV "to dry (tr.)"

References : Traill 72.

South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

Proto-!Wi : *|o

Stems : *|o-a

Meaning : dry

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : |kṑwa "dry"

//Xegwi (Batwa) : |kōwa "thirsty"

References : Bleek 321.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *|qʔau

Meaning : dry; to dry up

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : |qʔau (CF); |ʔao, |kʔǝu, |kau (T.)

References : Cornell Files; Traill 1973: 29.

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