Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *|am

Meaning : two

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : |gam

!Ora : |am; |kam (Wu.)

Notes : Griqua |am (Dirk Kok).

References : Haacke 57; Meinhof 95, 149; Rust 75; Wuras 53.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *|ám̀

Meaning : two

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *|am

West Khoe : *|ám̀

East Khoe : *|ám̀

Notes : Baucom: Buka ɡǂam, Kx'am ||õã, ǂ'Oxoku |kam. Borrowed into |Auni (|kam, Bleek 299).

References : Baucom 35; Vossen 510.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *|ám̀

Meaning : two

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : |ám̀

Kxoe (Hukwe) : |ám̀

Buga : |ám̀

|Ganda : |ám̀

Naro : |ám̀; |kâm, |âm (Ba.)

|Gwi : |ám̀; |ám (Ta.)

//Gana : |ám̀; |ám (Ta.)

#Haba : |ám̀

References : Barnard 122; KH; Tanaka 101; Visser 5; Vossen 510.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *|ám̀

Meaning : two

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : |ám̀

Deti : |ám̀

Cara : |ám̀

Tsixa : |ám̀

Danisi : |ám̀

Kua : |ám̀

Tsua : |ám̀

Hietshware : |kame

References : Dornan 64; Vossen 510.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *cqa-

Meaning : two

Proto-Bushman : *cq(h)a- (?)

Proto-Khoe : *|ám̀

Sandawe : *kiso-xV

Notes : Possible development in Sandawe: kiso- < *kso- < *cko-? The parallel is somewhat forced, but the ultimate solution depends on perfection of the intermediate reconstructions. On a weird sidenote, cf. S. Starostin's reconstruction for Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *(t)xq̇wV̄ 'two'. Old "global root"?

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 229

Proto-Bushman : *cq(h)a- (?)

Meaning : other; two

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *caˤ̃

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀǀqha

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Notes : The comparison is only acceptable if we assume the rare correspondence "PNK *c- - PT *ǀǀq(h)" to be pointing to an original "affricate+uvular" cluster. Cf. a very good example in PPK *cqa̰(ʔ)n "to miss" q.v.; unfortunately, the only one.

North Khoisan etymology :

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *||qha

Meaning : another; otherness (predicate)

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ||qhaV

References : Traill 116.

Sandawe etymology :

Proto-Sandawe : *kiso-xV

Meaning : two

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Sandawe : ki, kisoχ (D.); kiso-x(o) (K.); kisoχi (Kim.); kísòx (TBW)

References : Dempwolff 46; Kagaya 48; Kimmenade 44; TBW 306.

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