Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *-m

Meaning : we (dual)

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : sá-kxm̀ (m.d.incl.); sá-m̀ (f.d.incl.); sá-m̀ (c.d.incl.); sí-kxm̀ (m.d.excl.); sí-m̀ (f.d.excl.); sí-m̀ (c.d.excl.)

!Ora : sa-kham (m.d.incl.); sa-sam (f.d.incl.); sa-m (c.d.incl.); si-kham (m.d.excl.); si-sam (f.d.excl.); si-m (c.d.excl.)

References : Vossen 234-235.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *-m

Meaning : we (dual)

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *-m

West Khoe : *ca-m (m.), *sa-m (f.), *kha-m (c.)

East Khoe : *ca-m (m.), *sa-m (f.), *kha-m (c.)

References : Vossen 234-250.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *ca-m (m.), *sa-m (f.), *kha-m (c.)

Meaning : we (dual)

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : tsóḿ (m.d.); sóḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.)

Kxoe (Hukwe) : tçám̀ (m.d.); çám̀ (f.d.); khám̀ (c.d.) (Kö.)

Buga : tsám̀ (m.d.); yám̀ (f.d.); khám̀ (c.d.)

|Ganda : tsám̀ (m.d.); yám̀ (f.d.); khám̀ (c.d.)

Naro : sì-tsáḿ (m.d.); sì-sáḿ (f.d.); sì-kháḿ (c.d.)

|Gwi : ʔí-tsèbè (m.d.); ʔí-sèbè (f.d.); ʔí-khèbè (c.d.)

//Gana : ʔí-tsèbè (m.d.); ʔí-sèbè (f.d.); ʔí-khèbè (c.d.)

#Haba : tsèbè (m.d.); sèbè (f.d.); khèbè (c.d.)

References : Vossen 234-250.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *ca-m (m.), *sa-m (f.), *kha-m (c.)

Meaning : we (excl. dual)

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : cáḿ (m.d.); sáḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.)

Deti : ʔà-cáḿ (m.d.); ʔà-sáḿ (f.d.); ʔà-kháḿ (c.d.)

Cara : ʒáḿ (m.d.); sáḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.)

Tsixa : cúḿ (m.d.); súḿ (f.d.); khúḿ (c.d.)

Danisi : cúḿ (m.d.); súḿ (f.d.); kháḿ (c.d.)

Cua : cábè (m.d.); sábè (f.d.); khábè (c.d.)

Kua : cábè (m.d.); sábè (f.d.); khábè (c.d.)

Tsua : cábè (m.d.); sábè (f.d.); khábè (c.d.)

References : Vossen 234-250.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *m

Meaning : 1st person pronoun pl.

Proto-Bushman : *m

Proto-Khoe : *-m

Notes : This pronominal stem is realized as an inclusive form in North Khoisan, but as the dual form in Khoe.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 240

Proto-Bushman : *m

Meaning : we (incl.)

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *m

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *n (?)

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : External (CK) parallels show that NK *m is indeed an archaic morpheme; whether ǂHoan n-!ka < *m-!ka still remains to be proven.

North Khoisan etymology :

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *n

Meaning : we

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : n-!ka

References : Honken 1977: 157.

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