Khoekhoe etymology :

Proto-Khoekhoe : *dlam[V]

Meaning : tongue

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

Nama : nam-mi, lam-mi, tam-mi; nami, nams (R.)

!Ora : tȧm-mà; tamma (Wu.)

References : Haacke 29; Meinhof 91; Rust 267; Wuras 52.

Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoe : *dlàḿ

Meaning : tongue

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Khoekhoe : *dlam[V]

West Khoe : *dàḿ

East Khoe : *dàḿ

Notes : Baucom: ||Gabake, Shua, Buka dham, Molepolole dam, ǂ'Oxoku tam, Hai!um nam.

References : Baucom 28; Vossen 510.

West Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-West Khoe : *dàḿ

Meaning : tongue

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

//Ani : dàḿ

Kxoe (Hukwe) : dàḿ; dăm (W.)

Buga : dàḿ

|Ganda : dàm̀

Naro : dàḿ (V.); ta̰m, dǎm(á) (Ba.)

|Gwi : gyàm̀; gyam (Ta.)

//Gana : dáḿ; dam (Ta.)

#Haba : dáḿ

References : Barnard 64; Bleek 21; KH; Tanaka 99; Vossen 510.

East Central Khoisan etymology :

Proto-East Khoe : *dàḿ

Meaning : tongue

Khoe etymology : Khoe etymology

|Xaise : dàḿ

Deti : dàḿ

Cara : dàḿ

Tsixa : dàḿ

Danisi : dàḿ

Cua : dàḿ

Kua : dàḿ

Tsua : dàḿ

Hietshware : dham

References : Dornan 92; Vossen 510.

Macro-Khoisan etymology :

Proto-Khoisan : *DNa-

Meaning : tongue

Proto-Bushman : *dla̰- (?)

Proto-Khoe : *dlàḿ (?)

Hadza : *ɳ|atha (?)

Notes : The word for 'tongue' is well-known to be subject to various expressive irregularities in the world's languages, with Khoisan being no exception. Whether the Hadza word fits in with Peripheral Khoisan and Khoe remains to be seen.

Peripheral Khoisan etymology :

Number : 224

Proto-Bushman : *dla̰- (?)

Meaning : tongue

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *[n]dhari

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ʔǀnà̰

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀʔɛ

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *cela (?)

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

North Khoisan etymology :

South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :

Proto-Taa : *ʔ|nà̰

Stems : *ʔ|nà̰-n; *ʔ|nà̰-ni

Meaning : tongue

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

!Xoong : ʔ|nà̰n 2 n I, pl. ʔ|nà̰na, ʔ|nã̰̀ 2 u I

Masarwa : |nān

|Nu//en : |āni

!Xoong derivates : !ōo ʔ|nà̰n "blade of a knife"; ʔ|nà̰n ʘàa "uvula"

Notes : Cf. also !Xóõ |à̰ʔli "tongue of a snake or a lizard"?

References : Bleek 269, 343; Traill 53, 70.

South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :

Proto-!Wi : *|ʔɛ

Stems : *|ʔɛ̥-ni

Meaning : tongue

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

|Xam : |érⁿrⁿi, |kér̃r̃ī (B.); tʔ¹inn (Lich.); |énni, |én^rn^ri (Ll.)

//Ng : |ẽ, pl. |ēnjǝn

N|huki : ŋ̊|ʔǝn

//Kxau : |ʔa-na-n-si

|Auni : |ãri

Khatia : |aa, |ḁ^ŋa

References : Bleek 268, 269, 271, 272, 293, 300, 310, 343; Meinhof 1929: 188; NFn.

East #Hoan etymology :

Proto-#Hoan : *cela

Meaning : tongue

Bushman etymology : Bushman etymology

#Hoan : tsela (C.); tsela, tsala (T.)

References : Collins 2001: 458; Traill 1973: 32.

Hadza etymology :

Proto-Hadza : *ɳ|atha

Meaning : tongue

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Hadza : |nataku (B.); ŋ|át^hâ- (S.); ŋ|átà, ŋ|átà-kò (Tc.)

References : Bleek 344; Sands 188; Tucker.

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 545358 1564284	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov