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Peripheral Khoisan etymology :
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Number : 949
Proto-Bushman : *ha
Meaning : past tense marker
Proto-Ju : *=ha
Proto-Taa : *[h]à
Proto-!Wi : *ha
Notes : Note the lack of h- in !Xóõ (not the only such case).
bshet-proto,bshet-meaning,bshet-prnum,bshet-nkh,bshet-nkhnum,bshet-xoo,bshet-xoonum,bshet-xam,bshet-xamnum,bshet-notes,
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North Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Ju: *=ha
Tonal pattern: HH [j]
Meaning: adv. suffix (past tense?)
Juǀʼhoan : kàˤá-há "already"
ǀǀAuǀǀen : ha "past tense marker"
RefLex number: 2809
nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-aue,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,
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South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :
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Proto-Taa : *[h]à
Meaning : past tense formative
!Xoong : à
Masarwa : a, ha
|Nu//en : a
xooet-meaning,xooet-prnum,xooet-xoo,xooet-masa,xooet-nuen,xooet-refer,
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South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :
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Proto-!Wi : *ha
Meaning : past tense marker
|Xam : ha̰, hã̰, hhā̯ (Ll.)
//Kxau : ha
xamet-meaning,xamet-prnum,xamet-txam,xamet-kxau,xamet-refer,
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Macro-Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Khoisan : *ha
Meaning : past tense marker
Notes : A solid grammatical isogloss between Peripheral Khoisan and Khoe.
khoiet-meaning,khoiet-bsh,khoiet-ckh,khoiet-notes,
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Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Khoe : *-ha(ŋ)
Meaning : past tense suffix
ckhet-meaning,ckhet-prnum,ckhet-kkh,ckhet-wkh,ckhet-ekh,
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Khoekhoe etymology :
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Proto-Khoekhoe : *hã
Meaning : perfect aspect suffix in verbs (cf. "to be"?)
Nama : hã̀
!Ora : hã "durative marker (acc. to Meinhof)"
Notes : Nama: in the past tenses always used with the subsequent "copula" ʔí.
kkhet-meaning,kkhet-prnum,kkhet-nama,kkhet-kora,kkhet-notes,kkhet-refer,
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West Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-West Khoe : *-hã
Meaning : preterite suffix
//Ani : -hã̀
Kxoe (Hukwe) : -hã̇ (Kö.)
Buga : -hà
|Ganda : -hà
Naro : -hã, -ha (V.)
|Gwi : -hã, -ha
//Gana : -hã, -ha
#Haba : -hã, -ha
wkhet-meaning,wkhet-prnum,wkhet-tani,wkhet-hukw,wkhet-buga,wkhet-anda,wkhet-naro,wkhet-gwik,wkhet-gana,wkhet-haba,wkhet-refer,
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East Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-East Khoe : *-ha
Meaning : imperfective suffix
|Xaise : -ha
Deti : -ha
Cara : -ha
Tsixa : -ha
Danisi : -ha
Kua : -hà, -ha
Tsua : -hà, -ha
ekhet-meaning,ekhet-prnum,ekhet-hais,ekhet-deti,ekhet-cara,ekhet-tsix,ekhet-dani,ekhet-kua,ekhet-tsua,ekhet-refer,
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