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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *To(ŋ)gurak
Meaning: 1 poplar 2 willow
Russian meaning: 1 тополь 2 ива
Old Turkic: toɣraq (OUygh. - YB) 1 Karakhanid: toɣraq (MK) 1 Turkish: doranɨ 2 (dial.)
Uzbek: turaŋɣi 1
Uighur: toɣraq 1
Sary-Yughur: torɣaq 1
Azerbaidzhan: daraŋɣɨ 1 (dial.)
Turkmen: toGaraq 1, toraŋŋɨ 2
Kirghiz: tōraq 1
Kazakh: toraŋɣɨ 2
Comments: VEWT 484, EDT 472. Not quite clear is the relationship to the isolated Tur. toz 'poplar'. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`oŋerV
Meaning: a k. of foliage tree
Russian meaning: вид лиственного дерева
altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *towrai
Meaning: a k. of poplar
Russian meaning: тополь разнолистный
Written Mongolian: touraj
Khalkha: tōroj
Kalmuck: tōrǟ, tōrā
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-kal,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tuŋde (~-r-)
Meaning: willow
Russian meaning: ива, тальник
Ulcha: tuŋde
Orok: tuŋde
Nanai: tuŋde
Oroch: tuŋde
Udighe: tuŋde
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *tǝniari-
Meaning: ash-tree
Russian meaning: ясень
Middle Japanese: tònèríko
Tokyo: toneriko, toneriko
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-comments,
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