Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *seb-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to speak

Russian meaning: говорить

Turkish: söjle-, dial. sövle-

Tatar: süjlä-, dial. sövle-, sevle-

Middle Turkic: söjle- (Ettuhf.)

Uzbek: sọjla-, dial. sävlä-

Azerbaidzhan: söjlä-

Turkmen: söjle-

Khakassian: söle-

Oyrat: sǖle-

Chuvash: sujlaš-, sol'a-

Yakut: ülä-

Tuva: sögle-

Kirghiz: söjlö-, süle-

Kazakh: söjle-

Bashkir: hüjlä-

Balkar: söle-

Gagauz: sȫle-

Karakalpak: söjle-

Kumyk: söjle-

Comments: VEWT 429, Федотов 2, 54-55, ЭСТЯ 7.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *sàjbo

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: sound

Russian meaning: звук

Turkic: *seb-

Tungus-Manchu: *sabu-da-

Japanese: *sàwàk-

Comments: An expressive and rather insecure root: the Turkic form are late attested and irregular.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sabu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to rustle, sound 2 noise, splash

Russian meaning: 1 шуршать, звучать 2 шум, плеск

Evenki: sawuda- 1

Nanai: saoGī̃ 2

Udighe: safuta- 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 52, 65.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sàwàk-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to sound, make a noise

Russian meaning: звучать, шуметь

Old Japanese: sawak-

Middle Japanese: sàwàk-

Tokyo: sawág-

Kyoto: sáwág-

Kagoshima: sawág-

Comments: JLTT 748. Accent in Kagoshima is irregular.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sVjwV

Meaning: to speak, shout

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *su̯ei- 'свистеть, звучать' (Pok. 1040-1041)

Altaic: *sa[jb]o

Uralic: *śoje

Kartvelian: *c̣w- ?? (see 559)

Comments: Or Alt. *sābV 'sign, word' (844).

References: МССНЯ 337, 342, ОСНЯ 1, 38; ND 2142 *śoyV 'sound' (+ Cush.).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 984

Proto: *śoje

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: sound, voice; to sound

German meaning: Ton, Laut, Stimme; tönen, lauten

Finnish: soi- 'klingen, lauten, tönen'; soitta- 'läuten' ( > Saam. N soai'te- 'läuten')

Estonian: sõitle- 'schelten, bedrohen'

Saam (Lapp): čuoggjâ- -j- (N) 'to sound, resound', tjuodja- (L) 'einen Laut vor sich geben, klingen', t́š́u͕o͕'jɛ (Wfs.) 'Laut, Geräusch'

Mari (Cheremis): šakte- (KB), šokte- (U B) 'spielen (Musikinstr.), lauten, tönen, schallen' ?

Khanty (Ostyak): sö̆j (V), sĕj (DN), sĭj (Kaz.) 'Laut, Stimme, Geräusch' ( > Mansi N sij id.)

Mansi (Vogul): so̮j (T K), suj (N P So.), soj (KU) 'Stimme, Ruf, Lärm, Ton, Ruhm'

Hungarian: zaj, veralt. szaj 'Lärm, Geräusch', zaj- (veralt.) 'lärmen'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *c̣w-en

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: видеть, показывать

English meaning: to see, show

Georgian: c̣on

Georgian meaning (Rus.): нравиться

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to like

Megrel: c̣on

Megrel meaning (Rus.): нравиться, казаться

Megrel meaning (Eng.): to like, to seem

Svan: c̣wen

Laz: c̣on

Laz meaning (Rus.): нравиться, казаться

Laz meaning (Eng.): to like, to seem

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 245, EWK 508; xo-c̣w-a без суфф.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVWV

Meaning : to speak, shout

Eurasiatic : *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-)

Afroasiatic : *c̣awaḥ-/*c̣ayaḥ-

Notes : Or Sem. *c̣wy 'to order, command'. Or Alt. *sābV 'sign, word' (844).

Reference : МССНЯ 337, ОСНЯ 1, 38.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *c̣awaḥ-/*c̣ayaḥ-

Meaning: shout, ask

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ṣVw/yVḥ- 'shout, call'

Western Chadic: *c̣VwVḥ-/*c̣VyVḥ- 'ask'

East Chadic: *say- (?)

High East Cushitic: *c̣eh- 'call'

South Cushitic: *ceʔ- (?) 'shout'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 588

Proto-Semitic: *ṣVw/yVḥ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'shout, call'

Ugaritic: ṣyḥ

Hebrew: ṣwḥ

Syrian Aramaic: ṣwḥ

Arabic: ṣyḥ [-i-]

Tigrai (Tigriñña): č̣ǝwaḥ bälä

Amharic: č̣oḥä

Jibbali: eṣyeḥ

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *caḥ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ask'

Warji: cǝɣ- 1 [SkNb]

Kariya: ṣiy 1 [Sk]

Miya: ṣiy 1 [Sk]

Cagu: ṣuw 1 [Sk]

Siri: ṣa 1 [Sk]

Notes: Boghom še 'speak' and Fyer se 'speech' show no traces of a laryngeal and may reflect another AA root.

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *say-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'ask'

Jegu: say [?]

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *c̣eh-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'call'

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): ceeh-

Notes: Bmb c- is an orthographic variant of c̣-. HEC *-ē- is likely to reflect a contraction of *-aya-

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *ceʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'shout'

Iraqw (Mbulu): tseʔ-

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