Mongolian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Mongolian: *čar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 snow crust 2 to freeze

Russian meaning: 1 наст, снежная корка 2 замерзать, затвердевать

Written Mongolian: čar 1, čarča- 2 (L 165)

Khalkha: car 1, carca- 2

Buriat: sarsa- 2, sarja 'tramped snow'

Kalmuck: car 1

Ordos: ǯarča- 2

Comments: KW 422. Mong. > Oyr. čarča- 'to freeze'.

Proto-Turkic: *čar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 snow dust 2 fog

Russian meaning: 1 пороша 2 туман

Karakhanid: (MKypch.) čas 2

Turkish: (dial.) čars 2

Tatar: čas 2 (dial.)

Oyrat: dial. (Leb.) šarša 1

Bashkir: sar 'animal trace on snow'

Balkar: čars 2

Kumyk: čars 2

Comments: Лексика 29, 35. The derivative *čar-s is somewhat peculiar morphologically and could be a loanword - from the (unattested) Mong. *čar-su(n) (?). {Oyr. čarɨm was removed from this etymology, but probably unjustly: the Komi source ćare̮m 'snow crust', as well as ćars id. are much better explained as borrowed from Turkic than vice versa. The form is traced back to Ur. *śarV in UEW 464, but the consonantism is quite irregular; other parallels proposed by Helimsky are Saam. čar^ava - with irregular vocalism - and Selk. č́ɔ̄rpɨ, closely resembling Tofalar čarpɨŋ. A complicated case, but explanation of the existing scattered Uralic forms from Turkic is at least not preferable to vice versa.}

Mongolian etymology :

Altaic etymology :

Turkic etymology :