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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *kùp-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to make a nest
Russian meaning: делать гнездо
Old Japanese: su-kup-
Middle Japanese: kùf-, sú-kùf-
Comments: JLTT 718.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-comments,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *gúpu ( ~ -o-)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: empty, hollow
Russian meaning: пустой, полый
Mongolian: *gobi-
Tungus-Manchu: *gub-
Japanese: *kùp-
Comments: An expressive root; not quite reliable because of scanty reflexation in TM and possible contaminations with *gĕbo et al. On a possible reflex in Turk. see under *kŏ́bú.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *gobi-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 chute 2 empty place, desert
Russian meaning: 1 желоб 2 пустое место, пустыня
Written Mongolian: ɣobil 1, ɣobi, ɣobija 2 (L 357)
Khalkha: govil 1, gov́ 2
Buriat: gobil 1, gubi 2
Kalmuck: ɣoẃl 1, ɣuẃ, ɣoẃǝ, ɣöẃǝ, ɣowi 2 КРС 164.
Ordos: Guwil, Guwi 2
Dongxian: gobi
Baoan: gǝbi
Dagur: gobi, gob́ (Тод. Даг. 132) 2
Shary-Yoghur: gobi
Comments: KW 152, MGCD 296. Mong. > Evk. gowi, Man. gobi, see Doerfer MT 102, Rozycki 90. Forms like Kaz. qobɨ, Oyr. qobɨ etc. (ЭСТЯ 6, 6-7) are also most likely < Mong.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gub-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to submerge 2 to sink, get stuck in smth.
Russian meaning: 1 погрузиться, потонуть 2 вязнуть, увязать
Even: göbē- 1, gupturu- 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 163, 173.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evn,tunget-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *gop`a
Meaning: hole, empty
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *geup-, *kūp-
Altaic: *kobu, *gupu (268)
Uralic: *koppa
Kartvelian: *kwab-
Dravidian: ?? Sdr. koppam (DEDR 2103); SDR *gav-i 'cave' (1176)
References: ОСНЯ 1, 232-233, МССНЯ 358; ND 651 *go(w)ṗ[ü] 'hollow, empty, hole', 911 *kohṗE 'cave, pit' (indeed more than one root, but have to be sorted out).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *geup-, *gūp-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: cave, den, dug-out, mines
Old Greek: gǖ́pǟ 'vulture's nest' Hsch., = koílōma gē̂s, thalámē, gōnía Hsch.
Slavic: *žū́pā `соляная копь; могила; округ, семья, община'; *gъpnъ/*žūpānъ
Germanic: *kub-an- m.
Russ. meaning: пещера, копь, нора, землянка
References: WP I 555 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-germ,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: жупа
Near etymology: "округ", только др.-русск. жупа (Густынск. летоп. 1611 г.; см. Срезн. I, 883 и сл.), укр. жу́па "округ, соляная копь", сербохорв. жу́па "община, семья, челядь", словен. žúра "округ, приход", чеш. žuра "округ", польск. żupa "рудник, соляные копи", в.-луж. žuра "община". Сюда же ст.-слав. жоупиште, τάφος, μνῆμα (Супр.). Знач. "могила, надгробие" допустимо объединять со знач. "соляная копь". Соболевский (РФВ 65, 410 и сл.) считает это знач. древнейшим. Оно может быть правильно понято при допущении родства с греч. γύ̄πη "орлиное гнездо, дупло", авест. gufra- "глубокий, скрытый", др.-инд. guptás "скрытый", нов.-в.-н. Kоbеn "свинарник", англ. соvе "кров", др.-исл. kofi "келья, хижина", англос. соfа "пещера, комната"; см. Торп 47; Клюге-Гётце 315; Младенов, AfslPh 36, 133 и сл.; Хольтхаузен, Aengl. Wb. 56. В таком случае не легко объяснить развитие знач. "округ". Вопреки Брюкнеру (665; IF 23, 217), это знач. является древним; ср. др.-сербск. жупа "округ" (Законник Стеф. Душ.), в связи с чем последнее знач. едва ли является новообразованием от žuраnъ. Возм., žuра "округ" следует отделять от žuра "яма" и отнести первое к англос. géap "просторный, широкий" и далее -- к гот. gawi "округ"; см. Перссон, Beitr. 115.
Pages: 2,65-66
vasmer-general,vasmer-pages,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *kubēn
Meaning: cove, cave
IE etymology: IE etymology
Old Norse: kofi m. `kleines Zimmer, Hütte'
Norwegian: kove
Swedish: kove
Danish: kove
Old English: cofa, -an m. `cove, cave, repository, inner room, chamber, ark'
English: cove
Middle Dutch: cof, coff `stal, schuur', { cove(n) `Hütte, Stall' }
Dutch: kof f. `zeilschip voor binnen- en kustvaart met ronde stevens, platte bodem en meedstal twee masten'
Middle Low German: kōve(n) `Stallverschlag'
Low German: overijs. kove `hutje, schuur'
Old High German: kubisi `Hütte' (um 800)
Middle High German: kobe wk. m. 'stall, Schweinestall; käfig; höhlung'
German: Koben `Verschlag, kleiner Stall' (там живет Kobold)
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-lg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Uralic etymology :

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Number: 357
Proto: *koppa
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: hollow, cavity
German meaning: etwas Gehöhltes, Gewölbtes
Finnish: koppa 'etw. Gehöhltes, Gewölbtes; Vorderteil des Kopfschädels; Korb, Schale' ? [also kopera 'hohl, gebogen', kope, gen. koppeen 'etwas Ausgehöhltes' - rejected by Redei]
Estonian: kopp (dial., gen. kopa) 'Schale, kleines Gefäß' ? ( < Schw.?)
Saam (Lapp): vī̊šne-kī̊ppe, -ki̊øppe (T) 'Hirnschale, Schädel', uejv-kuehp (Not.) 'Hirnschale' ? [also N goppe -b- ~ -v- 'hollow; round-shaped bottom' - rejected by Redei]
Mordovian: prea-kopaška 'Hirnschale' ? [also kopońä 'runde Schöpfkelle' - rejected by Redei]
Mari (Cheremis): (wuj-koprak 'Hirnschädel' - rejected by Redei)
Khanty (Ostyak): χopǝ (Sav.) 'Schädel'
Mansi (Vogul): lɛ̮jǝl-kapē̮ (TJ) 'Fußblatt', päŋk-kop (P), puŋk-χopi 'Schädel' ?
Hungarian: (hoporcs 'Aufwölbung; Erdscholle' - rejected by Redei)
Yukaghir parallels: +!
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-yuk,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *kwab-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: пещера
English meaning: cave
Georgian: kwab-
Georgian meaning (Rus.): пещера, котел
Georgian meaning (Engl.): cave
Megrel: kwib-
Megrel meaning (Rus.): яма, котловина
Megrel meaning (Eng.): pit, pan
Svan: kwaba-
Svan meaning (Rus.): пещера ( < груз.?)
Svan meaning (Eng.): cave (< Georg.?)
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 197. Иллич-Свитыч (ОСНЯ 1, 232-233) сравнивает с ПИЕ *geup- 'полость, яма', урал. *koppa 'полый, пустой', алт. *goba/-i- 'полый, пустой' (следует: *kopu) и восстанавливает ностр. *gop`a 'полый, пустой'; однако с учетом картв. формы и исправленной алтайской следует восстанавливать *kop`V.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-grmean,kartet-egrmean,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-sva,kartet-svmean,kartet-esvmean,kartet-notes,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *gav-i
Meaning : cave
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *gav-i
Proto-Telugu : *gav-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *gav-i
Meaning : cave
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : kevi
Tamil meaning : deep valley, cave
Kannada : gavi
Kannada meaning : cave
Kannada derivates : (Nanj.) gambu cave of wild animals
Tulu : gavi
Tulu meaning : cave, hole, cell
Number in DED : 1332
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *gav-
Meaning : cavern
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : gavi
Number in DED : 1332
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVPV
Meaning : hole, empty
Eurasiatic : *gop`a
Afroasiatic : *kahVp- ~ *kVpVḥ- 'hole' 1533; *gub- 'hole, well' 1542
Austric : *kVp
Reference : Definitely more than 1 root. ОСНЯ 1, 232-233. [ND 586 *gobV 'plain' compares SH *g(ʷ)ab- 'earth, field' [1213] with Mong. *gobi; perhaps both < *'empty']; ND 651, 911.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-austr,globet-reference,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *kVp
Meaning: cave, hollow
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *gɨ:p
Austroasiatic meaning: cave
Proto-Thai: khup hollow
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-tai,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *gɨ:p
Meaning: cave
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Thai: khup hollow
Proto-Katuic: *gɨ:p
Proto-Bahnaric: BAH hǝgǝp V?
Khmer: ku:p < OK ku:pa < Sk.
Proto-Vietic: RUK kɨ:p.4
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-vim,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *gɨ:p
Meaning: cave
Presyllable: #
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-West Katuic: *gɨ:p
Proto-East Katuic: *gɨ:p
References: DF-85; P-255
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic: *gɨ:p
Meaning: cave
Presyllable: #
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Bru Van Keu: kɨ:p
Bru Van Keu meaning: cave
So: kɨ:p.B
So meaning: a tunnel
Bru: kɨ:p.B
Bru meaning: cave
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,

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East Katuic etymology :

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Proto-East Katuic: *gɨ:p
Meaning: cave
Presyllable: #
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Pakoh: kɨ:p
Pakoh meaning: cave
Lao Katu: ku:p V?
Lao Katu meaning: cave
Ngeq: kɨ:p
Ngeq meaning: cave
Kantu: gǝ:p
Kantu meaning: cave
Dakkan dialects (2): gɨ:p
Dakkan meaning: cave
Katu dialects (1): gǝ:p
Katu dialects (2): gǝ:p
Katu meaning: cave
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-kntv,ekatet-kntme,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,ekatet-and,ekatet-hka,ekatet-katme,

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Bahnar etymology :

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Proto-Bahnaric: *kɔ:p
Meaning: land turtle
Presyllable: #
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Bahnar: kɔ:p
Bahnar meaning: land turtle
Proto-North Bahnaric: *ko:p.T
Proto-South Bahnaric: *kɔ:p
Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *kɔ:p
Cua: sa:k corpse
References: JS-554
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-nob,banet-sob,banet-nwb,banet-cua,banet-refer,

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North Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ko:p.T
Meaning: land turtle
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Rengao form: ko:p.T
Rengao meaning: turtle
Jeh form: ko:p.T
Jeh meaning: turtle
Sedang form: koa.L
Sedang meaning: turtle
Hre form: kɔp.T
Hre meaning: turtle
References: PNB-202
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-jeh,nobet-jehme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-hre,nobet-hreme,nobet-refer,

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South Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-South Bahnaric: *kɔ:p
Meaning: land turtle
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Chrau form: kɔ:p
Chrau meaning: land turtle
Stieng form: kɔ:p
Stieng meaning: turtle
References: SBS-454
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,sobet-refer,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: khup
Meaning: be hollow
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
References: JP25
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-ref,

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Viet-Muong etymology :

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Proto-Viet-Muong:
Meaning: cave
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Arem: kɨ̂:p
Proto-Ruc: *kɨ:p.4
Ruc (Russian field rec.): kɨ:p.4
Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): kɨ:p.4
Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): kɨ:p.2
Ruc meaning: cave
References: NTF56, NVL145
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-arem,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucl,vimet-rntf,vimet-rucme,vimet-bib,

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