Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *zi̯oĺa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to shine, blaze

Russian meaning: светить, блестеть

Turkic: *jạĺ(č)-

Mongolian: *soloŋga

Tungus-Manchu: *sulū-n

Korean: *sằr-

Japanese: *sas-

Comments: The match is quite regular except for the somewhat unexpected closed *-ạ- in Turkic.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jạĺ(č)-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to blaze, flame 2 lightning

Russian meaning: 1 сверкать, сиять 2 молния

Old Turkic: jašu- 1, jašɨn 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jašu- 1, jašɨn 2 (MK)

Tatar: jɛšen 2

Middle Turkic: jašɨn 2 (AH), jašɨq 'sun' (R.)

Uzbek: jašin 2

Khakassian: čazɨn 2

Shor: čažɨn 2

Oyrat: jažɨn, d́āžɨn 2

Chuvash: śiś- 1, śiźǝm 2

Noghai: jasɨn 2

Bashkir: jäšen 2

Kumyk: jašɨn 2

Comments: EDT 977, 979, VEWT 192, ЭСТЯ 4, 149-150, Лексика 22-23. Turk. *jaĺɨn > Mong. jašin 'lightning' (Щербак 1997, 123).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *soloŋga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rainbow

Russian meaning: радуга

Written Mongolian: soluŋɣa (L 726)

Middle Mongolian: soraŋxa (HY 2)

Khalkha: solongo

Buriat: holongo

Kalmuck: solŋgъ

Ordos: soloŋGo

Dagur: sōloŋ 'dream', šāringī 'rainbow'

Monguor: suloŋGo

Comments: KW 330.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sulū-n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: flame

Russian meaning: пламя

Evenki: sulūn

Comments: ТМС 2, 125. Attested only in Evk., but with probable external parallels.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *sằr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to burn, make a fire

Russian meaning: зажигать, разводить огонь

Modern Korean: sarɨ-

Middle Korean: sằr-

Comments: Nam 291, KED 873.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sas-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to shine

Russian meaning: светить

Old Japanese: sas-

Middle Japanese: sas-

Tokyo: sas-

Comments: Usually not distinguished from the homonymous *sas- 'to prick; to point', but attested with the meaning 'shine' already in Nara OJ.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *CVlV

Meaning: to burn, flash

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ǯi̯ale (+ *zi̯oĺa 'shine, blaze')

Uralic: *śala

Comments: Cf. also *ĆuxLV, *čilV.

References: ND 2719 *ʒ́alV 'flame' (+ Sem.), 2729 *ZaHuĺV 'light, sunshine' (Alt. *zioĺa + ??IE + Sem.); 2795 *ʒ̂uʡLV 'to shine, blaze; flame' (Alt. *nole + Arab. šʕl-...).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 940

Proto: *śala

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: lightning; to glitter

German meaning: Blitz; blitzen

Finnish: salama 'Blitz'

Khanty (Ostyak): pȧj-săt (DN) 'Donnerkeil, Blitz', săl- (V), săt- (Kam.), sŏt- (Ni.) 'zucken, blitzen', sălǝmt- (V), sătǝmt- (DN), sŏtǝmt- (Ni.) 'zucken (Blitz), blizen, aufleuchten'

Mansi (Vogul): sɛ̮̄l- (TJ), sāl- (KU So.), sē̮l- (P) 'blitzen', salna (P) 'Blitz'

Sammalahti's version: *s'i6la-

Addenda: Veps. samaлta- 'blitzen'

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVLV

Meaning : to flash, shine

Eurasiatic : *CVlV

Afroasiatic : Berb. *zVhl- (ND 2729), Ar. zlʕ, ECush. Rn. ǯilaħ (ND 2725), Ar. šʕl- (2795)

Sino-Caucasian : *śHVlʔV

Austric : PAN *qusila 'lightning', *sila 'outpouring of light'; MY *hla^B moon

Amerind (misc.) : ? *cul 'sun' (R 707)

Reference : ND 2719, 2725, 2729.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *śHVlʔV

Meaning: moon, light

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *śVlʔV ( ~ ś_-,-ɫ-,-ɦ-)

Sino-Tibetan: *lăH (s-)

Burushaski: *halánc

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *śVlʔV ( ~ ś_-,-ɫ-,-ɦ-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: light, ray

Proto-Nakh: *sa

Proto-Tsezian: *riš(:)V (~l-,ɨ,u)

Proto-Dargwa: *š:ala

Proto-West Caucasian: *P-sV

Notes: The data are not enough to establish the PNC vocalism. See Абдоков 1983, 166. The root is attested also in HU: cf. Ur. šēl-ardǝ 'moon, moon deity' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 37).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *sa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 light; eye-sight 2 dawn 3 to dawn

Chechen: sa 1

Ingush: sa-χila 3

Batsbi: sa-χiʎno 2

Comments: 3d class in Chech. Obl. base *si- (cf. Chech. si-n, dat. si-na).

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *riš(:)V (~l-,ɨ,u)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sun ray

Tsezi: reša (Imnaishvili)

Comments: Attested only in Tsez., but having probable external parallels.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *š:ala

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: light (n.)

Akusha: šala

Chiragh: š:ala

Comments: Cf. also Ur. šala, Tsud. š:ala id.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *P-sV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to shine

Adyghe: q:ja-psǝ-n

Kabardian: te-psǝ-n

Comments: PAK *psǝ- (only with preverbs); there is also a transitive correlate *psa-.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lăH (s-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: moon

Tibetan: zla-ba moon.

Burmese: laʔ moon, LB *C-laʔ.

Kachin: šǝta¹ moon.

Lushai: thla moon, KC *S-khla.

Lepcha: lă-vo the moon; a month

Kiranti: *lǝ́

Comments: Garo dźa; Moshang ya-pi; Namsangia da; PG *l(h)à; Rawang sǝla; Trung sǝ¹-la¹ moon; Kadu sǝda; Bunan hla; Mantshati la-tsaŋ; Tsangla laza; Bahing la, Vayu tśolo, Digaro hǝla. Sh. 57, 124, 138, 435; Ben. 42.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *lǝ́

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: moon

Sunwar: 'tas-la

Tulung: khlömu (AS khlomu, but khle) moon, moonlight (? *qǝ̀ light + *lǝ́ moon)

Kaling: 'lö, lölmɔdu

Limbu: lā, lābā moon, month

Kulung: la

Yamphu: la

Comments: Toba 92 *k-lolimadu.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: la:b

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: moon

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: la

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: moon

Nepali: jūn.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: la

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: moon.

Nepali: jūn

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *halánc

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: moon

Yasin: halánc

Hunza: halánc

Nagar: halánc

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *sila

Meaning: light

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Miao-Yao parallels: *hla^B moon

Proto-Austronesian: *qusila 'lightning', *sila 'outpouring of light'

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