Altaic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *t`[u]tV́

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to grasp, close, detain

Russian meaning: хватать, закрывать, задерживать

Turkic: *tut-

Mongolian: *todka-, *tödüge-

Tungus-Manchu: *tuta-

Korean: *tàt-

Japanese: *tǝ̀ntǝ-, *tǝ́ntǝ́-má-

Comments: KW 397, 404, Martin 228, АПиПЯЯ 15, 71, Ozawa 248-249. Cf. Mong. *togta- 'to stop, establish' ( > late MTurk. toqta-, see TMN 1, 273, Щербак 1997, 211; Yak. toxtō-, Dolg. toktō-, see Stachowski 226; Man. tokto- etc., see Poppe 1966, 191, Doerfer MT 119). In Kor. cf. also MKor. tǝtăi 'slowly', tǝtăi- 'to delay, be slow' (compared with TM in Lee 1958, 118). Mongolian, Korean and Japanese accent variants may indicate that we are dealing more than with one root here, but the distinction is difficult to make.

Proto-Turkic: *tut-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to grasp

Russian meaning: держать, хватать

Old Turkic: tut- (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: tut- (MK, KB, IM)

Turkish: tut-

Tatar: tot-

Middle Turkic: tut- (Sangl., Abush., MA)

Uzbek: tut-

Uighur: tut-

Sary-Yughur: tut-

Azerbaidzhan: tut-

Turkmen: tut-

Khakassian: tut-

Shor: tut-

Oyrat: tut-

Halaj: tut-

Chuvash: tɨt-

Yakut: tut-

Dolgan: tut-

Tuva: tu't-

Tofalar: tu't-

Kirghiz: tut-

Kazakh: tut-

Noghai: tut-

Bashkir: tot-

Balkar: tut-

Gagauz: tut-

Karaim: tut-

Karakalpak: tut-

Salar: tut-

Kumyk: tut-

Comments: VEWT 502, EDT 451, Егоров 268-269, Федотов 2, 268-269, Stachowski 233.

Proto-Mongolian: *todka-, *tödüge-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to detain, fasten

Russian meaning: задерживать, прикреплять

Written Mongolian: todqa- (L 813: todqar 'obstacle, obstruction'), tödüge-; tüde- 'to tarry, hesitate' (L 849)

Middle Mongolian: tode'e- (SH), todu'e-, toduge- (HYt)

Khalkha: totgor 'помеха, препятствие'; tüde-

Buriat: todxor 'помеха, препятствие'

Kalmuck: totxǝ-; tödǝg 'Schlinge, Haken zum Anbinden od. Anhaken'

Comments: KW 397, 404, 405.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tuta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to stay, remain

Russian meaning: оставаться

Spoken Manchu: tuta- 'to stay behind, to remain behind' (1180)

Literary Manchu: tuta-

Jurchen: duta-xun (720)

Comments: ТМС 2, 223.

Proto-Korean: *tàt-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to close

Russian meaning: закрывать

Modern Korean: tat-

Middle Korean: tàt-

Comments: Nam 139, KED 401.

Proto-Japanese: *tǝ̀ntǝ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to close 2 to obstruct, detain

Russian meaning: 1 закрывать 2 задерживать, препятствовать

Old Japanese: t(w)odu- 1, todo-ma- 2

Middle Japanese: tòdu- 1, tódó-ma- 2

Tokyo: tojí- 1, todomé- 2

Kyoto: tòjì- 1, tódómé- 2

Kagoshima: tòjì- 1, todomé- 2

Comments: JLTT 771, 768. The difference in accents is somewhat strange, perhaps indicating two originally different roots.

Eurasiatic: *ṭutV

Meaning: to close

Altaic: *t`[u]tV́

Dravidian: *tud_-

Proto-Dravidian : *tud_-

Meaning : to block up

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tur_-

Proto-Telugu : *tur_-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tud_- (*tur_-)

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tud_-

Proto-South Dravidian : *tur_-

Meaning : to fill up, stuff; to block up

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tur_u (tur_uv-, tur_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to be thick, crowded, full, be closed

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to cram as food into the mouth, stuff, press or crowd into a bag or box; n. thickness, closeness, crowdedness, eating; tur_umpu (tur_umpi-), tur_umu (tur_umi-) to be close, crowded; tur_umal closeness; tur_upavam id., thickness, crowdedness; tur_uval thronging, crowding, eating; tur_r_u (tur_r_i-) to eat, seize with the mouth, lie close; n. boiled rice, food, ball of boiled rice as a mouthful, crowd, multitude; tun_r_u (tun_r_i-) to be close, thick, crowded together, get near, approximate, get attached to; tun_r_unar friends (as being near); tun_n_u (tun_n_i-) to be fitted, joined, attached, be thick, crowded, press close, approach, approximate, adhere to, join; tun_n_al being near to or close together; tun_n_-alar foes, enemies; tun_n_iyār, tun_n_in_ar friends, relations, adherents; tuvan_r_u (tuvan_r_i-) to fill up, be thick, close, crowded, be in company, join, be heaped up; n. fullness

Malayalam : tur_uka

Malayalam meaning : to be thronged, stuffed, close, cram, push in

Malayalam derivates : tur_u, tur_uku a heap, a thicket overgrown with grass; tur_utur_ē throngingly, pressingly; tur_uttuka to force in, cram, stuff

Kannada : tur_uku, tur_aku

Kannada meaning : to force or crowd things into, cram, stuff, cause to enter

Kannada derivates : tur_uga, tur_agu a throng, crowd; tur_ugal, tur_uŋgal id., mass, thicket; tur_ugu to be crammed, thronged, crowded, closely packed, close, amassed or plentiful, appear in numbers, be entirely covered or enveloped, concealed, surrounded or clothed; tur_ubu, tur_umbu to insert, tuck in, stick in (as flowers in the hair); n. bundle of hair at the back of the head into which the muḍi has been tucked; tukku to crowd, throng, come en masse; tuttu to take by mouthfuls, eat, swallow; tuttu, tottu a mouthful

Tulu : turkalyuni

Tulu meaning : to be distended (as an overloaded stomach)

Proto-Nilgiri : *tur_-ǝg- (*-r-)

Number in DED : 3367

Proto-Nilgiri : *tur_-ǝg- (*-r-)

Meaning : to enter into hole, sink into swampy ground

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : turg- (turgy-)

Additional forms : Also Kota turk- (turky-) to push through a hole, cram into mouth

Number in DED : 3367

Proto-Telugu : *tur_-

Meaning : to insert, stick in as flowers, cram in, gag by thrusting a cloth in the mouth, caulk (a ship)

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : turugu (B)

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : tur_ugu

Additional forms : Also tuṭṭe collection, group, heap; (K) tur_umu, (B) turumu to cram or stick, thrust in, deck the head with flowers

Number in DED : 3367

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tud_- (*tur_-)

Meaning : to put in

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : turk- (turukt-) "to put (fuel) on fire"

Parji : tutt- "to be blocked up"

Additional forms : Also Kolami turs- (turust-) to thrust through hole; (SSTW) turmeng to put in; Parji tutip- (tutit-) to block up; (NE) tuyp- (tuyt-) to block up

Number in DED : 3367

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tut_-

Meaning : to block up; to insert

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : tur_bi- (-t-)

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tuc-

Konda : tur_bi- (-t-)

Meaning: to insert, thrust in

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 3367

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tuc-

Meaning : to shut, block up

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : cūcū "lid"

Kuwi (Schulze) : cucu "cork, stopper"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : cuc- "to block up"

Kuwi (Israel) : tuc- (-it-) "to shut (door)"

Number in DED : 3367

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