Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`i̯ṑre

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: hired labour

Russian meaning: наемный труд

Turkic: *ter

Mongolian: *türije-sü

Tungus-Manchu: *tōrī-

Japanese: *tùtuà-ma-

Comments: An interesting Common Altaic term indicating some sort of economic relations.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ter

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hired labour 2 wages

Russian meaning: 1 работа по найму 2 зарплата

Karakhanid: ter 1, 2 (MK, IM)

Turkish: ter oɣlan 'hired worker'

Middle Turkic: ter 2 (MA)

Chuvash: tar(a) 1

Yakut: terij- 'to organize'

Tuva: xol deri 2 (contamination: lit. 'arm sweat')

Kirghiz: maŋdaj teri 2 (contamination: lit. 'forehead sweat')

Comments: VEWT 474, EDT 528, Лексика 353, Федотов 2, 176 (the root should be kept distinct from *der 'sweat'.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *türije-sü

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: rent

Russian meaning: рента, аренда

Written Mongolian: türijesü(n) (L 855)

Khalkha: türēs

Buriat: türse

Ordos: türēsü

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tōrī-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 wages, dowry 2 to hire

Russian meaning: 1 плата, калым 2 нанимать

Evenki: tōrī 1

Even: torị 1

Negidal: tōjị̄ 1

Spoken Manchu: t́uri- 2 (968)

Literary Manchu: turi- 2, turigen, turixen `rent'

Ulcha: torị(n), turi(n) 1

Orok: torị 1

Nanai: torị 1

Oroch: toji 1

Udighe: toi 1

Solon: turgundē- 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 199-200, 219. Man. > Nan. turĩ, Ul. turi(n); > Dag. turgun 'rent' (MGCD 659). The Manchu form cannot be borrowed < Mong., despite Rozycki 213 (the only similar form - Dag. turgun - is itself most probably < TM, see above).

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *tùtuà-ma-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to serve, be hired

Russian meaning: служить, быть нанятым

Old Japanese: tutwoma-

Middle Japanese: tùtòma-

Tokyo: tsutomé-

Kyoto: tsútómé-

Kagoshima: tsùtòmè-

Comments: JLTT 776.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭȫre

Meaning: work, labour

Altaic: *t`i̯ṑre

Dravidian: *toṛ-

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *toẓ-

Meaning : work

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *toẓ-

Proto-Telugu : *tott-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *toẓ-

Meaning : work, business; trade

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : toẓil

Tamil meaning : act, action, deed, work, office, calling, profession, order, command, workmanship, verb

Tamil derivates : toẓīi working woman, maidservant, female slave; toẓukkan_ slave; toẓuttai slave-woman, immoral woman, maid-servant; toẓumpan_ slave, base person; toẓumpi slave-woman; toẓumpu slavery, servitude, servile work, drudgery, devotion to the service of god; toẓuvar servants, agriculturalists, ploughmen; toẓun_i servant woman; toṇṭu slavery, devoted service, slave, devoted servant; tottan_ slave; tottu slave, dependent, menial, concubine

Malayalam : toẓil

Malayalam meaning : business, occupation

Kannada : tuẓil

Kannada meaning : work, servitude, slavery

Kannada derivates : toẓtu, tottu (a male, but esp. also a female) servant, a strumpet

Tulu : toḷilụ

Tulu meaning : trade, business

Tulu derivates : tonduni, dunduni to work hard; tottu maid servant; sonduni to exert, labour, work hard; sondu exertion, effort

Number in DED : 3524

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tott-

Meaning : female servant or slave, wench, prostitute, mistress or concubine

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tottu

Number in DED : 3524

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