Altaic etymology : List with all references

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *t`ome

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of board

Russian meaning: вид доски

Turkic: *Tomar

Tungus-Manchu: *tomka-n

Korean: *tòmá

Japanese: *tǝ̀mǝ̀ (~-muà)

Comments: Accent correspondences between Kor. and Jpn. are irregular: cf., however, the irregularity in Jpn. dialects (especially Kagoshima tómò, pointing to original high tone in the first syllable).

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Tomar

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 block, log 2 to hack, hew 3 to break off, chip off

Russian meaning: 1 кусок дерева, чурбан, бревно 2 рубить, обрубать 3 отламывать, откалывать

Karakhanid: tomrum 1 (MK), tomur- 2

Turkish: tomruk 1

Tatar: tumar, tumran 1

Middle Turkic: (MKypch.) tumar (AH) 1

Oyrat: tomur- 2

Tuva: domur- 3

Kirghiz: tomur- 3

Kazakh: tomar 1

Bashkir: tumɨr- 2

Balkar: tomuraw 1, tomur- 2

Karaim: tomruq 1

Karakalpak: tomar 1

Comments: VEWT 499, EDT 509. The root should be distinguished from *dom- / *tom- 'round' (v. sub *t`ŏ̀mù). Turk. > Mong. (KW 400) tomuraɣu, Kalm. tomrūn 'rough, loutish'.

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tomka-n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: boat made of planks

Russian meaning: дощатая лодка

Evenki: tomkon

Even: tȫmkin 'oar'

Comments: ТМС 2, 196, 201.

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Korean etymology :

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Proto-Korean: *tòmá

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wooden board (for chopping meat), wooden table

Russian meaning: деревянная доска (для рубки мяса), деревянный стол

Modern Korean: toma

Middle Korean: tòmá

Comments: Nam 157, KED 465.

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *tǝ̀mǝ̀ (~-muà)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: stern

Russian meaning: корма

Old Japanese: tom(w)o

Middle Japanese: tòmò

Tokyo: tomó, tómo

Kyoto: tómò

Kagoshima: tómo

Comments: JLTT 549. The Tokyo variant tómo and Kagoshima tómo are quite irregular tonally.

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ṭVmV

Meaning: to cut off

Indo-European: *tem[a]-

Altaic: ? *t`ome 'a board' ( < *'cut off'?)

Dravidian: *tum-

References: ND 2373 *ṭ[o]mV 'to cut (off)' (+ Arab.). Cf. ST *TVm.

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *tema-, *tmā-

Meaning: to cut

Old Greek: témnō, ep., ion., dor. támnō, aor. temẹ̄̂n, ep., ion., dor. tamẹ̄̂n, pass. tmǟthē̂nai̯; pf. att. tétmǟka, pass. tétmǟmai̯, va. tmǟtó- `schneiden, ab-, zerschneiden, spalten, verwüsten'; témakhos n. `Stück, bes. von eingesalzenem Fisch', tamesí-khrō `die Haut schneidend'; tomó- `einschneidend, scharf', tómo-s m. `Abschnitt, Stück, Teil eines literarischen Werkes, Papyrus (Rolle), Volumen', tomǟ́ f.`das Schneiden, Schnitt, der abgeschnittene Teil, Stumpf', tomís f. `Messer', tmǟ̂si-s `das Schneiden, Verwüsten', tmǟ́dǟn `einschneidend'; tmǟ́gō `schneiden', tmǟ̂ma n. `Abschnitt, Teil'

Slavic: *tę̄ti, *tь̀nǭ; *tonъ (LSorb ton 'Aushau', Sloven drvotón 'Platz, wo Holz gespalten wird', Czech nāton 'Hauklotz', Pol dial. natonia 'Platz zum Holzhauen, Holzkammer, -stall')

Baltic: *tin̂- (*tin-a-) vb. tr., *tin̂-t-uw-a- c.

Latin: temnō, -ere, tempsī, temptum `verachten, verschmähen'; aestumāre (/ aestimāre) `den Geldwert einer Sache abschätzen, taxieren, würdigen'; tondeo, -ēre, totondī, tōnsum `abscheren, abrupfen, abschneiden, prellen'

Celtic: OIr pf. ro-tethaind `er zerrisst, zerschnitt (das Herz)', teinm `spalten, zerreissen', MIr s-prt. ro-s-teind `er spaltete sie (die Nuss)', ra-thendsatar `welche gerissen hatten'; *tndmn- > Gael tèum `Bissen, Stück', OIr tamon `Stumpf', Cymr tam `Bissen, Stück', Corn tam `Bissen, Stück', Bret tamm `Bissen, Stück'

Russ. meaning: резать

References: WP I 719 f

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: тну,

Near etymology: тять "бить", стар.; укр. тну, тя́ти "резать, рубить, косить, бить, кусать", блр. цяць, тну, др.-русск. тьну, тѧти "рубить, сечь, зарубить", потѧти "убить" (тьметь у Мi. LР 1027 является опечаткой; см. Вондрак, Aksl. Gr. 365; Траутман, ВSW 324), словен. tẹ́ti, tnèm, др.-чеш. tieti, tnu, чеш. títi, tnu, слвц. t᾽аt᾽, польск. ciąć, tnę, в.-луж. ćeć, н.-луж. śěś.

Further etymology: Праслав. *tьnǫ, *tęti родственно лит. tinù, tìnti "отбивать (косу)", tìntuvaì мн. "инструмент для отбивания косы", далее -- греч. τέμνω "режу", ион., дор. τάμνω, греч. τόμος м. "разрез, отрезок", τομός "режущий", ирл. tamnaim "уродую", возм., также лат. aestimō "ценю" от *ais-temos "разрезающий слиток меди", но едва ли лат. temnō, -еrе "презирать, пренебрегать, хулить", (см. Эбель, KSchl. Beitr. 1, 271; П. Шмидт, Kritik 138; Траутман, ВSW 324; Буга, РФВ 66, 250; Соссюр, Мél. Наvеt 468; Вальде--Гофм. 1, 20; Зубатый, AfslPh 16, 418). Др. ступень чередования представлена в н.-луж. tоn м., toń ж. "вырубка в лесу, лесосека".

Pages: 4,66

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *tin̂- (*tin-a-) vb. tr., *tin̂-t-uw-a- c.

Meaning: whet a scythe

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: tìnti (tìna, tī́nē) '(die Sense) durch Klopfen mittels eines Hammers schärfen, dengeln; schlagen, prügeln', tìntuva-s 'Gerät zum Schärfen der Sense'

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 1980

Root: tem-1, tend-

English meaning: to cut

German meaning: `schneiden'

Derivatives: tomo-s `Abschnitt'

Material: Gr. τέμνω, hom. ion. dor. τάμνω (hom. τέμει) `schneide' (ἔταμον und ἔτεμον, τεμω̃, τέτμηκα, τμητός); τομός `schneidend', τόμoς `Abschnitt, Teil; Band (Buch)', τομή `Schnitt'; τέμαχος `abgeschnittenes Stück gesalzenen Fisches', τέμενος `(*abgeschnittener, abgesonderter) göttlicher oder königlicher Bezirk'; τμη̃σις `Schnitt'; τάμισος `Lab' (weil es γάλα τέμνει, id est σχίζει, daher auch γαλα-τμον λάχανον ἄγριον Hes.); ταμίας `Verwalter', als der die Portionen aufschneidende, dann auch die Arbeit verteilende; weitergebildet τμήγω (bei Balbilla τμά̄γω) `schneide' (3. Pl. Aor. Pass. τμά̆γεν); τένδω, τένθης s. unten; phryg. Τη̃μνον ὄρος (: ksl. těmę);

lat. aestumō, -āre `abschätzen, taxieren, schätzen' auf Grund eines *ais-temos `Erz schneidend'; über lat. temnō s. unter stemb-; air. tamun `Stumpf', tamnaid `schneidet ab';

bsl. *tĭnō, *tinti aus *t_emnō (gr. τάμνω), *t_emǝtī in lit. tinù, tìnti `dengeln', slov. tnèm tę́ti `hacken', ačech. tnu, tieti `hauen', aruss. tьnu (tьmetъ ist Druckfehler), tjǫti `schlagen', wonach auch *tonъ statt *tomъ (= τόμος) in nsorb. ton `Aushau' usw.; ksl. těmę `Scheitel';

d-Erweiterung (ursprüngl. d-Präsens): gr. τένδω `benage, nasche', dh-Präs. att. τένθω ds., τένθης `Näscher'; lat. (Iterativ) tondeō, -ēre, totondī, tōnsum `abscheren, abschneiden' (dazu tōnsa `Ruder', tōnsilla `Uferpfahl'); mir. tond, tonn, cymr. ton f. `Haut'; mir. teinnid, tennaid `spaltet, bricht', teinm n. `spalten, zerreißen' und schott.-gäl. tèum = cymr. tam, corn. tam, bret. tamm `Bissen, Stück' (*tn̥dsmn̥-).

References: WP. I 719 f., WH. II 657, 689 f., 691, Trautmann 324, Vasmer 3, 92, 111, 133.

Pages: 1062-1063

PIE database: PIE database

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *tum-

Meaning : to be cut off, piece

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *Tum-i-

Proto-Telugu : *tumur-

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *Tum-i-

Meaning : to be cut off

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : tumi (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to be cut off, severed, perish, be crushed

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to cut off, saw, keep off, obstruct; n. cut, severance

Number in DED : 3325

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *tumur-

Meaning : a small piece or bit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tumuru

Additional forms : Also tuttumuru small bits or fragments, powder, dust

Number in DED : 3325

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