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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *t`ăp`o(rV)
Meaning: earth, dust
Russian meaning: земля, пыль
Comments: Владимирцов 210. A Western isogloss. Mong. has a frequent secondary assimilative labialization (toɣur- < taɣur-). Cf. also OT (Suv.) (kir) tapča 'грязь'. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *topra-k
Meaning: earth, soil
Russian meaning: земля, почва
Old Turkic: topraq (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: topraq (MK, KB) Turkish: toprak
Tatar: tufraq
Middle Turkic: topraɣ/q, tofraɣ/q (Sangl.) Uzbek: tuprɔq
Uighur: tofraq, topraq
Sary-Yughur: durvaq
Azerbaidzhan: torpaG
Turkmen: topraq
Khakassian: tobɨrax
Shor: tobraq
Oyrat: tobraq
Halaj: turpaq
Chuvash: tъʷpra
Yakut: toburax
Tuva: dovuraq
Tofalar: to'praq
Kirghiz: topuraq
Kazakh: topɨraq
Noghai: topɨraq
Bashkir: tupraq
Balkar: topraq
Gagauz: topraq
Karaim: topraq, toprax
Karakalpak: topɨraq
Salar: to(:)rɨχ
Kumyk: topraq
Comments: Derived from PT *topra- 'to turn into dust, dry out'. See VEWT 489, EDT 443, 444, Лексика 99. Turk. > WMong. tobrag, Kalm. towrǝg (KW 404). turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *toɣur-
Meaning: 1 earth, soil 2 dust
Russian meaning: 1 земля 2 пыль
Written Mongolian: toɣusu(n); toɣuraɣ 2 (L 817, 818) Middle Mongolian: to'osun 2 (HY 3, SH), ṭūsun 2 (IM) Khalkha: tōs 2
Buriat: tōrog 2
Kalmuck: tōsṇ, tōrŋ̣ 1
Ordos: tōsu, tōs 2, ? tōsxo 'terre cuite, brique'
Dongxian: tura 1
Dagur: tuāral (Тод. Даг. 169), tuāse (MD 226), tuarǝl, tuās 2 monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tap-
Meaning: to become dirty
Russian meaning: пачкаться
Evenki: taparā-
Oroch: tapti 'clay'
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ṭaṗV
Meaning: touch, plaster
Uralic: tappa 'plaster' (Bárcsi 300)
References: МССНЯ 353. ND 547 suggests *daPV(ḲV) 'to stick, to glue' > Ural. + Mong. *dabirkaj 'resin of a coniferous tree' + TM *dapka- 'unite, attach' + Sem. *dbḳ- 'stick to, cling'; ND 2395 *ṭaṗV(-LV) 'to feel/touch with fingers, smear' (Balt. tep-, Ur., Drav. + Sem.); 2402 *ṭaṗ(V)ɣV 'dirt, mud' (Alt., Kartv. + SH). So there may be more than one root. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *tAp-
Meaning: to drown
Armenian: thathavem `tauche ein', thōn `Feuchtigkeit, Nässe, Regen'
Russ. meaning: погружать(ся) в воду, тонуть
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-arm,piet-slav,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: топи́ть,
Near etymology: топлю́ II, утопи́ть, топь, укр. топи́ти, др.-русск. топити, топлю, сербск.-цслав. топити, болг. топя́ "погружаю, мочу", сербохорв. то̀пити, то̀пи̑м "затоплять", словен. topíti, -ím "погружать", чеш. topiti "погружать в воду", слвц. tорit᾽, польск. topić, в.-луж. topić, н.-луж. topiś.
Further etymology: Сравнивают с арм. t`аt`аvеm "погружаю, мочу, напр. одежду, в крови" (см. Хюбшман 448), но ср. Мейе, МSL 9, 154. По мнению Младенова (636, 644), восходит к *tор- "бить" (см. то́пать). Все это гадательно. Неприемлемо сравнение с греч. θάπτω "погребаю", τάφος м. "могила", τάφρος ж. "ров", вопреки Горяеву (ЭС 372), поскольку греч. слова имеют начальное и.-е. dh- (см. Гофман, Gr. Wb. 111; Буазак 334). Если считать исходным *tорь "топь, болото" и знач. "растопленное, талое место", то можно было бы отождествить этимологически топи́ть I и топи́ть II.
Trubachev's comments: [Зубатый ("Studiе а články", I, I, Прага, 1945, стр. 231 и сл.) и Станг (NТS 16, 1952, стр. 259 и сл.) сближают топи́ть II с лит. tàpti "стать, становиться". -- Т.]
Pages: 4,78-79
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-trubachev,vasmer-pages,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 1958
Root: tap-1
English meaning: to dip
German meaning: `eintauchen; Nässe'?
Material: Arm. t`at`avem `tauche ein', t`ōn (*tapni-) `Feuchtigkeit, Nässe, Regen'; aksl. topiti `immergere', *to(p)nǫti `immergi', dazu u. a. nsorb. toń `Tümpel', čech. tu̇ně `Vertiefung im Flusse', russ. tónja `geschützte Bucht'.
References: WP. I 705, Vasmer 3, 119, 120 f.
Pages: 1056
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *txip-
Russian meaning: пачкать
English meaning: to dirty
Georgian: txip-
Megrel: txip-
Notes and references: EWK 173-174.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-notes,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *tabb-
Meaning : to grope
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *tabb-
Meaning : to grope, feel
Tamil : tappu (tappi-)
Tamil meaning : to grope, feel about
Malayalam : tappuka
Malayalam meaning : to grope, feel about
Malayalam derivates : tappal groping; tappikka to make to grope
Tulu : tabbuni
Tulu meaning : to feel, grope
Number in DED : 3072
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : TVPV
Meaning : touch, plaster, attach ?
Afroasiatic : Sem. *ṭpl- 'smear', *ṭbʕ 'mud'; Chad. *taḅ- 'mud'
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṭVṗV ( ~ d-)
Meaning: to attach
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *[t]ǝ̄p
Meaning: to attach, fix
Burmese: tap put in, fix in.
Lushai: dāp to line, cover.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-burm,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *top
Meaning: to hit, throw, attach, smear
Hunza: top -́t-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,
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