Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *sìbi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bitter, bitter plant

Russian meaning: горький, горькое растение

Turkic: *sibüt

Mongolian: *sibag

Tungus-Manchu: *sipa ( ~ -b-)

Korean: *psɨ́-

Japanese: *sìmpù- / *sìpǝ̀-

Comments: For the usage of the root to denote bitter plants cf. also OJ sibu-kusa 'sorrel'; perhaps also MKor. psúk 'Artemisia' (which is tempting to identify with Mong. sibag). In Kor. we have a secondary metathesis < *spɨ-, like psɨ́r- < *spɨr- < *šĭp`V 'sweep' q. v.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sibüt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dill, coriander

Russian meaning: укроп, кориандр

Karakhanid: sibüt (MK)

Comments: EDT 785. (If not < Pers.)

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *sibag

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: Artemisia

Russian meaning: полынь

Written Mongolian: sibaɣ (L 693)

Khalkha: šawag

Kalmuck: šawǝg 'чабрец, тимьян' (КРС)

Ordos: šawaG 'artemisia campestris'

Comments: Mong. > Chag. šibag 'a k. of plant'.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sipa ( ~ -b-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: garlic

Russian meaning: чеснок

Spoken Manchu: suandā (317)

Literary Manchu: sifa mača

Comments: ТМС 2, 100. Attested only in Manchu, but having probable external parallels.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *psɨ́-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 liver (KED: gall-bladder, gall) 2 bitter

Russian meaning: 1 печень 2 горький

Modern Korean: s:ɨlgä 1, s:ɨ- 2

Middle Korean: psɨ́rkǝ́i 1, psɨ́- 2

Comments: Nam 319, 321, KED 1024, 1027.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sìmpù- / *sìpǝ̀

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 astringent, tart 2 salt

Russian meaning: 1 вяжущий, терпкий 2 соль

Old Japanese: sibu- 1, sip(w)o 2

Middle Japanese: sìbù- 1, sìfò 2

Tokyo: shibú- 1, shió 2

Kyoto: shíbù- 1, shíjo 2

Kagoshima: shibú- 1, shió 2

Nase: mà-šú 2

Shuri: mā́-sú 2

Hateruma: mà-sú 2

Yonakuni: mà-sú 2

Comments: JLTT 522, 525, 840. The words seem to be related, but the reason for voicing in sìbù- is not quite clear.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sVbV

Meaning: salt, bitter

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *sìbi

Uralic: ? *säppä 'gall'

Dravidian: *śup-

Comments: Esk.-Al. *cupa 'soap'.

References: ND 108a (after Blazhek DA) *ʕVCu[ʔV]PV 'salt' - comparing Jap., Drav. and East. Cush. *ʕusūbo (*usuʔubo).

Uralic etymology :

Number: 893

Proto: *säppä

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: gall

German meaning: Galle

Finnish: sappi (gen. sapen) 'Galle'

Estonian: sapp (gen. sapi)

Saam (Lapp): sap'pe -pp- (N), sahppē (L), sā_ihpe (T), sāihp (Kld. Not.) 'Galle', seppø_in (A)

Mordovian: sepe (E), śäpä (M) 'Galle'

Udmurt (Votyak): se̮p (Wied.), sep (S), sup (S), śep (Uf.)

Komi (Zyrian): se̮p (S P), sȯp (PO) ( > Khanty O siw 'Galle (des Fisches, des Wildes)'

Mansi (Vogul): tǟp (TJ) 'Galle', tɔ̄̈p (KM), tāp (P) 'Galle des Bären', tāp (N)

Hungarian: epe (acc. epét) 'Galle'

Sammalahti's version: *säppä

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *śup-

Meaning : salt

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *up

Proto-Telugu : *upp-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *cup

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *up

Meaning : salt

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : uppu

Tamil meaning : salt, alkali, saltness

Tamil derivates : uppar salt manufacturers; uppaḷam salt-pans, saline land; uppaḷavan_ salt-maker; uvaḷakam, umpaḷam salt-pan; umaṇan_ salt-maker, dealer in salt; fem. umaṇatti

Malayalam : uppu

Malayalam meaning : salt, saltness, condiment

Malayalam derivates : uppikka to be salty; uppaḷam salt marsh

Kannada : uppu

Kannada meaning : salt

Kannada derivates : uppaliga man who belongs to a division of the salt-maker caste, the members of which are also fishermen; uppaḍa salted and dried vegetables

Kodagu : uppɨ

Kodagu meaning : salt

Tulu : uppu

Tulu meaning : salt

Tulu derivates : uppāḍu pickles; uppuḍa salted fish; uppārụ brackishness

Proto-Nilgiri : *up

Number in DED : 2674

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *up

Meaning : salt

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : up

Toda : up

Number in DED : 2674

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *upp-

Meaning : salt

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : uppu

Additional forms : Also uppana saltness, salt taste; uppani saltish, brackish; uppaḷamu salt-pan, salt-works

Number in DED : 2674

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *cup

Meaning : salt

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : sup

Naikri : supp

Naiki : sup

Parji : cup

Ollari Gadba : sup

Salur Gadba : cuppu

Number in DED : 2674

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVPV

Meaning : bitter

Eurasiatic : *sVbV

Afroasiatic : ? ECush. *ʕusūbo 'salt'

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