Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *p`ărV

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: thill

Russian meaning: оглобля

Turkic: *arɨĺ

Mongolian: *(h)aral

Tungus-Manchu: *para

Korean: *parko

Comments: Poppe 11, 77, 78-79, Цинциус 1984, 32-33, Ramstedt 1916, 3, Lee 1958, 108, Лексика 555, Rozycki 74. The root is frequently quoted, but indeed rather problematic (cf. TMN 2, 40-41). If the Mong. form is *aral (accounting for the HY and South Mong. evidence), and the Turkic form is borrowed from a different source, all we are left with are the Tungus and Korean forms - which, however, are difficult to explain as loans.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *arɨĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: thill

Russian meaning: оглобля

Turkish: dial. arɨš

Tatar: arɨš

Middle Turkic: arɨš (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: dial. ariš

Turkmen: arɨš

Kazakh: arɨs

Noghai: arɨs

Bashkir: arɨš

Balkar: arɨš

Karaim: arɨš

Karakalpak: arɨs

Kumyk: arɨš

Comments: VEWT 26, TMN 2, 40-41, ЭСТЯ 1, 189-191, Лексика 555. Turk. > Kalm. arš 'thill' (KW 15). The word is attested late, and Clauson 1965, 166 proposes a loan < Arab. ʕariṣ.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)aral

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: thill

Russian meaning: оглобля

Written Mongolian: aral (L 48)

Middle Mongolian: aral 'axle, pivot' (HY 18)

Khalkha: aral

Buriat: aral 'carriage; thills'

Ordos: aral

Dagur: aral (MGCD 116)

Shary-Yoghur: aral (MGCD 116)

Monguor: rāl (MGCD 116)

Comments: TMN 2, 40. Note that both HY and Southern Mong. forms point to *0- (if we are not dealing with later loans). Mong. > Sol., Oroch aral id.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *para

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 saddle arc 2 sleigh 3 thill

Russian meaning: 1 лука седла, клин (посреди лука) 2 сани 3 оглобля

Evenki: hara, dial. hāren 1

Spoken Manchu: farǝ 'shaft' (1252)

Literary Manchu: fara 2, 3

Ulcha: para 2

Orok: paụra 'полозья'

Nanai: para 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 316-317. TM > Dag. pār 'sleigh' (Тод. Даг. 160).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *parko

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of horse-drawn sleigh

Russian meaning: вид саней, запрягаемых лошадьми

Modern Korean: palgu

Middle Korean: parko

Comments: Nam 245, KED 724.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṗarV

Meaning: beam

Indo-European: *perg-

Altaic: *p`árà (cf. also *p`ărV thill)

Dravidian: *pāṛ- ? (cf. also *pār- spade)

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *perg-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: board, beam

Slavic: *pórgъ `Schwelle; Diele, Bank'

Baltic: *per̂g-a-/*per̃g-a- c.

Germanic: *firk-al-a- m., *furk-a- m.

Latin: pergula f. `Vorbau an einem Hause, einer Mauer; Bude, Laden; Malerwerkstätte; Weingelände; Hütte; Bordell; Dach-, Mansardenzimmer'

Russ. meaning: доска, бревно

References: WP II 48

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *per̂g-a-/*per̃g-a- c.

Meaning: dug-out

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: pérga-s, per̃ga-s `Einbaum, Nachen, aus einem ausgehöhlten Baumstamm hergestellter Fischerkahn'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *firkala-z, *furka-z

Meaning: stake, stick

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: fork-r m. `mit Eisen beschlagene Stange zum Abstossen eines Schiffes'

Norwegian: dial. fork `Stock, Knüppel'

Swedish: dial. fork `Tragstange'

Old English: { pl. forclas `Riegel' }

Old Saxon: fercal `Riegel, Verschluss'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1492

Root: perg-1

English meaning: pole; trunk

German meaning: `Stange, Stamm'

General comments: (ursprüngl. `abgehauener Stamm?')

Material: Aisl. forkr m. `Stange, Stock'; (ags. feorcol, as. fercal `Riegel, Verschluß' aus lat.veruculum);

    lit. pérgas `Fischerkahn' (*Einbaum);

    aksl. pragъ `Schwelle', porógъ ds., poln. próg `Schwelle, Haus, Wohnung', progi Pl. `Dielen, Bänke';

    vielleicht hierher lat. pergula `Vorsprung, Vorbau an einem Hause; Vorraum, Weinlaube' als Demin. eines *pergā `Gebälk'.

References: WP. II 48, WH. II 288; vgl. oben S. 819 Mitte (per-3, per-g- ).

Pages: 819-820

PIE database: PIE database

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *pāẓ-

Meaning : a k. of sacral building and nearby territory

Proto-South Dravidian: *pāẓ-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *pāẓ-

Meaning : temple; sacred field

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : pāẓi

Tamil meaning : temple; town, city, town of an agricultural tract, hermitage

Tamil derivates : pāṇi town, village, district; ? paẓan_am paddy field, agricultural land, tank

Kannada : hā́i

Kannada meaning : (Badaga) field near village (Emeneau, Language 15.45)

Proto-Nilgiri : *vāṛ

Notes : Unclear v- in Kota. Contamination?

Number in DED : 4112

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *vāṛ

Meaning : dairy

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : ēr iṭ vāy "fields near village which are ploughed in the sowing ceremony (lit. field to which they put the team of plough bullocks)"

Toda : pōw "one variety of dairy (viz. all those belonging to the tī grade, the conical dairies, and a few others of high sanctity)"

Additional forms : Also Kota vāyv Toda tī dairy; karpōy pen and cowshed attached (i. e. milking place; see 1385; is the second member pōy or ōy?); Toda poɫ̣ ōɫ̣ the priest of the tī dairy (i. e. the man [ōɫ̣] of the pōw); -aɫ̣f an element in many dairy names (e. g. mōs_aɫ̣f, beside the pen mōt_wɨ̄ < mōs_ + twɨ̄); ? pōš, in: pōš tüṇy garment of priest of tī dairy, when worn around waist, and pōš tūṭ front lock of hair as tied up by priest of tī dairy (MBE 1974b, pp. 13f.); ōy field nearest Badaga village, garden (< Badaga hā́i)

Number in DED : 4112

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