Altaic etymology : List with all references

Proto-Altaic: *ŏ̀ge

Meaning: lonely, orphan

Russian meaning: одинокий, сирота

Turkic: *ög-

Mongolian: *ügej

Tungus-Manchu: *ugī

Korean: *ói

Comments: Рясянен 1955, 106, TMN 2, 159-160.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ög-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 unrelated; step-relative 2 other, different

Russian meaning: 1 неродной; приемный родственник (пасынок, мачеха) 2 другой, отличный

Old Turkic: ögej 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ögej 1 (MK), ögün 2 (KB)

Turkish: üvej 1

Tatar: ügi 1

Middle Turkic: ögej 1 (Pav. C.), ögün 2 (Abush.)

Uzbek: ọgej 1

Azerbaidzhan: ögäj 1

Turkmen: ögej, övej 1

Khakassian: ȫj 1

Shor: ȫj 1

Oyrat: öj 1

Yakut: egian 2

Dolgan: egin-egin 2

Kirghiz: ögej 1

Kazakh: ögej 1

Noghai: ögej 1

Bashkir: ügäj 1

Balkar: ögej 1

Gagauz: jüvä 1

Karaim: ögej 1

Karakalpak: ögej 1

Kumyk: ögej 1

Comments: EDT 109, 119, VEWT 369, 306, ЭСТЯ 1, 495-496, TMN 2, 159, Stachowski 43 (with some confusion of the Yakut variants egin, egian and eŋin; on the latter see *eŋ). In Az. one would rather expect *öjäj; -g- is probably preserved due to dissimilation.

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Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *ügej

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: not, without

Russian meaning: не, без, не имеющий чего-л.

Written Mongolian: ügei (L 997)

Middle Mongolian: ugai (HY 51, SH), uge'u 'to be destitute, suffer' (HY 37), ugej (IM), ugäj (MA)

Khalkha: ügij, ügüj, -güj

Buriat: ügɨ, dial. übej

Kalmuck: ugā, ugɛ̄

Ordos: ügʷī, ugʷī, ügʷē, ugʷē

Dongxian: ui

Baoan: gi

Dagur: uwei (Тод. Даг. 170), uej (MD 231)

Shary-Yoghur: uɣui

Monguor: ugwī, gwī (SM 468)

Mogol: ügɛi; ZM gei (27-5a)

Comments: KW 446, MGCD 689. Mong. > Evk. ugei, see Doerfer MT 128. The same root (but with different suffixation) is probably reflected in *öɣe- (MMong. o'er, o'e-sun 'self', o'ere 'other, different' (SH), WMong. öber, öbesü-ben, öbere, ögere, Khalkha ȫr, ȫsȫ, ȫr, Mongr. gōro (175)).

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ugī

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: few

Russian meaning: мало

Evenki: uɣī-kun

Negidal: oɣị̄

Ulcha: oị

Orok: oji

Nanai: oị

Oroch: uji

Comments: ТМС 2, 246.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *ói

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lonely, orphan

Russian meaning: одинокий, сирота

Modern Korean: we, werop- (-w-)

Middle Korean: ói, ói-rằp- (-w-)

Comments: Liu 586, KED 1220, 1222.