Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`[ú]ŕa

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: pole; finger, toe

Russian meaning: палка; палец

Turkic: *K[a]ŕguk

Mongolian: *kuruɣu, *-gu

Tungus-Manchu: *xurū

Korean: *kàràk

Comments: EAS 88, 113, Цинциус 1984, 118, Дыбо 316-317. The Turkic vowel is not quite clear: cf. the variant *Kuŕguk; perhaps the forms reveal a variation *Kuŕgak / *Kaŕguk in early Turkic.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *K[a]ŕguk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pole, peg

Russian meaning: палка, колышек

Old Turkic: qazɣuq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qazŋuq (MK)

Turkish: kazɨk

Tatar: qazɨq

Middle Turkic: qazuq (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qɔziq

Uighur: qozuq

Sary-Yughur: quzuq

Azerbaidzhan: gazɨx (dial.)

Turkmen: GazɨG

Oyrat: qazɨq

Chuvash: *karuH > Hung. karó (see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 2, 387).

Kazakh: qazɨq

Noghai: qazɨq

Bashkir: qaδa- 'to stick into', qaδaq, qaδɨq 'nail'

Balkar: qazɨq

Gagauz: qazɨq

Karaim: qazɨq

Karakalpak: qazɨq

Kumyk: qazɨq

Comments: EDT 682 (derivation from *Kaŕ- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Kāta- (v. sub *kā́jta).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kuruɣu, *-gu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: finger, toe

Russian meaning: палец

Written Mongolian: quruɣu(n) (L 991)

Middle Mongolian: quru'un (HY 46, SH), qorɣan (IM), qurun (MA)

Khalkha: xurū

Buriat: xurga(n)

Kalmuck: xurɣṇ

Ordos: xurū

Dongxian: Gurun

Baoan: xur (MGCD Gor)

Dagur: xorō (Тод. Даг. 178), horō (MD 164)

Shary-Yoghur: χurūn

Monguor: xuri (SM 185)

Mogol: qurūn; ZM qorun (2-9b)

Comments: KW 198, MGCD 392.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xurū

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hoof 2 handful

Russian meaning: 1 копыто 2 пригоршня, горсть

Evenki: urūn 1, urū 2

Ulcha: χụrụ 2

Orok: χụ̄rụ 1, χụrụ 2

Nanai: χōrõ 1, χoro 2

Oroch: ū-ŋki 1

Udighe: ū 1, 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 287, 288.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *kàràk

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: finger; pole

Russian meaning: палец; палка

Modern Korean: son-karak, karak

Middle Korean: soǹs-kàràk 'finger', kàràk 'pole'

Comments: Liu 19, KED 10.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVrV

Meaning: finger, toe

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *karn- / -e-

Altaic: *k`[ú]ŕa

Uralic: *kurmV

Dravidian: *kurV 'hoof', *kurV-ṇḍe 'handful' (gondet 208 koṛv- 'handful', Tel 877 gor- 'hoof', в DEDR больше, 1770, 2046)

References: Дыбо 1989, 1996; ND 1141 *ḳur[u] ~ *ḳür[u] 'foot, hoof'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *karn-/-e-

Meaning: handle

Old Indian: {kárṇa- m. `ear; handle of a vessel; helm or rudder of a ship'}

Slavic: *černъ, *černo

Celtic: Cymr carn `Handhabe, Griff'

Russ. meaning: рукоять

References: WP I 412

Comments: In Ind. - a contamination with *k(ʷ)Arn- q.v.; differently in Pok. 938-947.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *xuna(n)gá-n, *xanaga-n, -z

Meaning: honey

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: hunang n. `Hönig'

Norwegian: huning

Swedish: honung, honing

Old Danish: honni(n)g

Old English: hunig, -es n. `honey'

English: honey

Old Saxon: honeg, huneg, hanig m., n.?

Middle Dutch: hōnich, hōninc, huenic

Dutch: honig, honing m.

Old Franconian: honog

Middle Low German: hōnich, honnich

Old High German: honag, hineg (8.Jh.), honig (9.Jh.), honang (Notker)

Middle High German: honec, honic, hönic, hünic (-g-) st. n. 'honig'

German: Honig m.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1361

Proto: *kurmV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: handful

German meaning: Handvoll

Mordovian: kurmoś (M) 'Handvoll'

Mari (Cheremis): kormǝ̑ž (KB U B) 'hohle Hand; Handvoll'

Udmurt (Votyak): ki̮ri̮m (S), kǝ̑rǝ̑m (K) 'Handvoll'

Komi (Zyrian): ki̮ri̮m (S P) 'Hand, hohle Hand', kørø^.m (PO) 'hohle Hand, Faust'

Hungarian: (köröm 'Nagel' - rejected by Redei)

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : foot, toe

Eurasiatic : *ḳVrV

Sino-Caucasian : *ḳwĭrV

African (misc.) : Bantu *-gùdù 'leg'. Macro-Khoisan *Kuru "ankle".

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ḳwĭrV́

Meaning: leg

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ḳwĭrV

Sino-Tibetan: *k(h)rej ( ~ -ǝj)

Burushaski: *kur-

Comments and references : DCE 5.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳwĭrV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: leg bone, leg (of animal)

Proto-Nakh: *ḳurV-m

Proto-Lezghian: *ḳʷir(a)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Cf. also HU forms: Hurr. u-krǝ, Ur. qurǝ 'foot, leg' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 57).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ḳurV-m

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bone for playing dice

Chechen: ḳuram

Comments: Attested only in Chech., but having probable external parallels.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ḳʷir(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hoof 2 leg (of animal)

Lezghian: ḳur 1,2

Tabasaran: ḳuram 1

Kryz: ḳʷari 2

Archi: ḳʷiri 2

Comment: 3d class in Arch. and Kryz. The suffixless form is reflected in Lezg. (cf. also Tab. Khan. ḳur 'wrist'); Tab. has a suffixed -m (former plural suffix), and Arch. and Kryz. reflect a common *-j - suffix (*ḳʷirVj).

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *k(h)rej ( ~ -ǝj)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: foot

Burmese: khrij foot, leg, LB *khrij.

Kachin: lǝkhre³ the back of the ankle (cf. also mǝgji¹ the thigh).

Lushai: ke foot, leg, KC *ke.

Comments: Trung xrăi¹ foot; Newari ki-pa thigh. Sh. 165. Cf. OC 踦 *k(r)aj 'foot (of an insect)'?

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *kur-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 bone 2 joint of finger or toe

Hunza: kuróŋ 1, kū́r 2

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