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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *k`ap`V
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to press, grasp
Russian meaning: хватать, держать
Turkic: *Kap-
Mongolian: *kab-
Tungus-Manchu: *xap-ki-
Comments: KW 167, Poppe 43, ОСНЯ 1, 315, АПиПЯЯ 289 (but the Jpn. form should be kept separate, see *k`ápa). A Western isogloss. The root is expressive and tends to contaminate with *kăp`è 'to squeeze, pinch' (q. v.), as well as with *k`épà `side' (in Mong.: 'to grasp' > 'press' > 'flatten, flat'), but nevertheless reconstructable for PA (despite Doerfer's doubts in TMN 3, 374); borrowing in Mong. < Turk. is quite improbable, despite Щербак 1997, 133.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Kap-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to snatch, take 2 to bite
Russian meaning: 1 брать, хватать 2 кусать
Old Turkic: qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1
Karakhanid: qap- (MK, KB) 1
Turkish: kap- 1,2
Tatar: qap- 1,2
Middle Turkic: qap- (AH, IM, Pav. C., Qutb) 1
Uzbek: qɔp- 1,2
Uighur: qap- 1,2
Azerbaidzhan: Gap- 1,2
Turkmen: Gap- 1,2
Khakassian: xap- 1,2
Oyrat: qap- 1,2
Chuvash: xɨp- 1,2
Yakut: xap- 1,2
Tofalar: qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)'
Kirghiz: qap- 1,2
Kazakh: qap- 1,2
Noghai: qap- 1,2
Bashkir: qap- 1,2
Balkar: qab- 1,2
Gagauz: qap- 1,2
Karakalpak: qap- 1,2
Comments: VEWT 233, EDT 580, ЭСТЯ 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kab-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to pinch, squeeze, grasp; hold 2 to join, press together 3 flat
Russian meaning: 1 сжимать, хватать, держать 2 соединять, сдавливать 3 плоский
Written Mongolian: qabči- (L 896); qabla- 1; qabsara- 2 (L 898: qabsu-, qabsur-, qabsura-); qabta- 3 (L 899)
Middle Mongolian: qabči- 1, qabataxai (HY 53), qabtaqai 3 (SH), qabči- 1, qǝbtaɣai 3 (MA 284, 285)
Khalkha: xavči-; xavsr- 2; xavt- 3; xavtgaj 3
Buriat: xabša-
Kalmuck: xapčǝ-, xawšǝ-; xawl- 1
Ordos: Gabči- 1, gǟbtǟgǟ 3, Gabtǟ- 'be flat'
Dagur: karči- 1 (Тод. Даг. 148), xawči- 1 (Тод. Даг. 172); kabtaǵē 3 (Тод. Даг. 148), kabečiē- 1, kabeteǵaj 3 (MD 181)
Monguor: xamā- 's'agacer (dents)' (SM 153)
Comments: KW 167, 174. qabči- may be a merger of *kab- and *kajiči (v. sub *kăp`è). Mong. qabta- > Evk. kapta- etc., see Doerfer MT 25-26; Mong. qabči- > Evk. kapči-, see ibid. 125; Mong. qabčiɣur 'tongs' (despite Щербак 1997, 165, not < Turk.) > Evk. kapčur, Man. qabčixun, see ibid. 127, Poppe 1966, 193, Rozycki 129; Mong. > Kirgh. qapčɨɣaj, qapčal etc., see ЭСТЯ 5, 273-274.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xap-ki-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to strangle, throttle
Russian meaning: удушить, удавить
Evenki: apki-
Even: apqъ̣-
Negidal: apkụ-
Orok: χaqpị-
Comments: ТМС 1, 47.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ork,tunget-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ḳaṗV
Meaning: to grasp
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *kap- (cf. also *ghab-)
Altaic: *k`ap`V
Uralic: *kappV (Szin. 35)
Dravidian: *kav-
Comments: [Cf. also: PA *k`ápa 'buy, pay back', *k`èpù 'change, price'; PD *kappa 'tribute' (DEDR 1218) ]
References: МССНЯ 371, ОСНЯ 1, 313-315; ND 1107 *Ḳapa ~ *Ḳaṗa 'to seize'. For Drav. cf. alternatively Kartv. *ḳaw- 'to hold' (see ND 1231 *ḳAħwV 'seize, grasp, hold': Kartv., Drav. + Arab. and Sll.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *kap-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to take, to seize, to catch
Slavic: *xopītī, *xāpītī, *xāpātī; *xābītī; *xǭpātī (> ChSl chąpati 'fassen, ergreifen')
Baltic: *kap=, *kamp- vb. tr.
Germanic: *xab-á-, *xab-ḗ- vb.; *xab-já-/*xáf-ja- vb., *xab-ṓ(n-) f.; *xaf-t-a-, *xaft-u- n.; *xaft-ia- n.; *xaf-sk-ō- vb., *xab-ī́g=/*xab-úg=, *xē[f]-ia-
Latin: capiō, capere, cēpī, captum `fassen, (er)greifen, nehmen', captus, -a `Dienerin, Sklavin'
Celtic: Gaul Moeni-captus; OIr cacht `Dienerin, Sklavin', MIr cachtaim `nehme gefangen', Cymr caeth `Sklave', OCorn caid `captivus', Bret keaz `unglücklich, arm'
Albanian: kap `ergreife, fasse'
Russ. meaning: брать, хватать, ловить
References: WP I 342 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: ха́пать,
Near etymology: оха́пить, оха́па́ть, оха́пка (но ср. также выше), хап "молодец", олонецк. (Кулик.), укр. хапа́ти "хватать", хапки́й "хваткий, лакомый, вороватый", др.-русск. хапати, ст.-слав. хапѭште δάκνοντες (Супр.), болг. ха́пна, ха́пвам "кусаю" (Младенов 665), чеш. сháраti "хватать", слвц. сháраt᾽ "понимать", польск. сhарас́ "хватать". Др. ступень вокализма: хопи́ть (см.).
Further etymology: Возм., как продолжение и.-е. *khар-, родственно лат. сарiō, -еrе "брать", нов.-в.-н. hаррig "жадный", нж.-нем., ср.-нем. hарреn "жадно хватать", арм. хар`аnеm "препятствую"; см. Педерсен, IF 5, 64; KZ 38, 394; Мейе, ВSL 31, 53; Эндзелин, СБЭ 121; Младенов 665 и сл.; Махек, "Slavia", 16, 178. Бернекер (I, 396) предполагает позднее звукоподражание. Неприемлемы сближения с ср.-в.-н. sарреn "хватать" (Маценауэр, LF 7, 223 и сл.) и с др.-инд. kṣарауаti "уничтожает" (Шефтеловиц, Zschr. Ind. Ir. 2, 268); см. против него Майрхофер 286.
Pages: 4,222
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *kap=, *kamp- vb. tr.
Meaning: catch
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Lithuanian: kàptelēti 'mit plötzlichem festem Griff packen, einen kräftigen Schlag versetzen'
Lettish: kàmpt, kam̃pt (-pju, -pu) `greifen, fassen'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *xabán-, *xabḗn- vb.; *xabján-/*xáfjan- vb., *xabṓ(n); *xafta-, *xafta-, *xaftu; *xaftia-n; *xafskōn- vb., *xabī́g=/*xabúg=, *xē[f]ia-
Meaning: have
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: haban wk. `have; hold'; *hafjan `lift'; *haftjan wk. `hold fast to', *haft-s (a) `laden with, subject to'
Old Norse: hafa wk.`haben; anwenden; ergreifen, treffen'; hefja st. `heben'; hapt-r m. `Gefangener, Leibeigener', hapt n. `Fessel', pl. hɔpt `Götter' (poet.); hɔfug-r `schwer, wichtig'; hǟf-r `brauchbar, nützlich', hɔfn, hāf-r m. `Fischnetz mit langem Stiel'
Norwegian: hava vb.; hɔv; hevja vb.; hoft, haft; häv `gut, ausgezeichnet'; höva vb.
Old Swedish: hapter `Sklave'; hapt; hǟver `gut, ausgezeichnet'
Swedish: ha(va) vb.; häva vb.; dial. haska `nachlaufen, um einzuholen'; hɔv; häv(er) `nützlich'
Old Danish: hapt
Danish: have vb.; dial. hov; häve vb.
Old English: habban `haben'; hebban `heben'; häft m. `Gefangener, Sklave, Band, Fessel', n. `Heft, riff'; hefig `schwer'
Middle English: heven
English: have, heave, heavy
Old Frisian: hebba, OWFris habba
Old Saxon: hebbian `haben'; hebbian `heben'; haft `vinctus'; hevīc `schwer'; heffian
Middle Dutch: hebben; heffen; hēven; hachte `Gefangenschaft, Gefahr, schwierige Lage'
Dutch: hebben; heffen; { haaf `Netz' }
Old Franconian: hebon; hafta `Gefangenschaft'
Middle Low German: hebben; hēven, heffen; hacht `Anspruch, Berechtigung, Haft'; hacht(e), hafte `Gefängnis, Haft';
Old High German: habēn `besitzen, (fest)halten' (8.Jh.); heffen (huob; gihaban) `(er)heben, nehmen, setzen, höherstellen, (be)treiben, sich erheben, sich aufmachen' (8.Jh.); hevan `heben', haft `gebunden, gefangen' (9.Jh.); haft m., n. `Band, Fessel, Gefangenschaft' (9.Jh.); hafta (9.Jh.) `Verknüpfung, Griff, Gefangennahme'; hefti n. `Heft, Griff'; hebīc, -g `schwer'; haba f. `Griff, Henkel, Besitz, Eigenschaft' (um 1000)
Middle High German: haben, hān wk. 'halten, festhalten, behaupten; halten, betragen, befinden; inne haben, besitzen, haben'; hɛben, hɛven st. 'heben, erheben, erhalten'; haft st. f. `Haft, Fesselung, Gefangenschaft; Befestigung'; haft st. m. `Band, Fessel, Knoten, Halt; Drücke eines Schlosses; Haftung, Festhaltung, Bürgschaft'; haft st. m. `der Gefangene'; haft adj. 'gefangen, gefesselt'
German: haben, heben, Habe f., Haft f., bair. heben `heben; halten'; haschen `verschlingen'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-mengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *kav-
Meaning : to catch
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *kav-, *kav-ar-
Proto-Telugu : *kav-
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *kav-, *kav-ar-
Meaning : to seize, grasp, catch
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : kavar (-v-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to seize, grasp, catch, steal, get control of, receive, experience, desire, have sexual connexion with
Tamil derivates : kavarcci captivation, attraction; kavarvu id., desire; kavavu (kavavi-) to desire, embrace, copulate; n. copulation; (inscr.) kavar_r_u (kavar_r_i-) to attract; kavai (-pp-, -tt-) to include, join with, embrace
Malayalam : kavaruka
Malayalam meaning : to plunder, rob
Malayalam derivates : kavarcca robbery, plunder
Kannada : kavar
Kannada meaning : to take away by force, seize, strip, plunder
Kannada derivates : kavarte, kavate taking by force, seizing, plundering
Miscellaneous : KOR (M) kamḍɨ to steal
Number in DED : 1326
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *kav-
Meaning : to hold, seize
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : kamucu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : kavayu "to embrace, copulate"
Number in DED : 1326
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-dednum,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVPV
Meaning : to grasp
Eurasiatic : *ḳaṗV
Afroasiatic : *ḳVb- (IS, GE)
Sino-Caucasian : ST *g(h)V̆p 'seize with claws'
Reference : GE 24 *kap (+NS). Cf. KVPCV.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,

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