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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *k`ăču
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to run, drive
Russian meaning: бежать, гнать
Turkic: *KAč-
Mongolian: *kočur-
Tungus-Manchu: *xasa-
Comments: АПиПЯЯ 16; Цинциус 1984, 88-89. A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *KAč-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to run away, flee
Russian meaning: убегать
Old Turkic: qač- (Orkh., Yen.)
Karakhanid: qač- (MK, KB)
Turkish: kač-
Tatar: qač-
Middle Turkic: qač- (Houts., AH, IM, MA)
Uzbek: qɔč-
Uighur: qač-
Azerbaidzhan: Gač-
Turkmen: Gač-
Khakassian: xas-
Shor: qaš-
Oyrat: qač-
Tuva: qaš-
Kirghiz: qač-
Kazakh: qaš-
Noghai: qaš-
Bashkir: qas-
Balkar: qač-
Gagauz: qač-
Karaim: qač-
Karakalpak: qaš-
Kumyk: qač-
Comments: VEWT 217, ЭСТЯ 5, 340-342.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kočur-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to stay behind
Russian meaning: отставать, оставаться позади
Written Mongolian: qočur- (L 951)
Middle Mongolian: qočor-, qočoda- (SH), qūčar- (Lig.VMI), qučar- (MA)
Khalkha: xocro-
Buriat: xosor- 'to disappear, vanish; die'
Kalmuck: xocr-
Ordos: Gočiro-
Mogol: qočaru- (Ramstedt 1906)
Comments: KW 190-191.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xasa-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to pursue, drive
Russian meaning: гнаться, гнать
Evenki: asa-
Even: asị-saw-
Negidal: asa-
Literary Manchu: asaχa fasaχa 'in a hurry'
Ulcha: χasa-
Orok: χasa-
Nanai: χasa-sị-
Oroch: asa-
Udighe: aha-
Solon: asa-
Comments: ТМС 1, 54.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ḳacwV
Meaning: to run
Borean: Borean
Altaic: *k`ačV
Uralic: *kače- ~ *koče- 'to run, crawl' (Toivonen FUF 19, 70)
References: МССНЯ 330, ОСНЯ 1, 309; ND 1000 *ḲaʡčV 'to advance with effort' (Turk.+ Ural. + Arab.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-reference,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVCV
Meaning : scratch, scrape
Eurasiatic : *ḳVSV
Afroasiatic : ? *guḥas-
Sino-Caucasian : *qVčV / *čVqV
Austric : *kVs
African (misc.) : Cf. Bantu *-kúc- 'to rub'.
Notes : For Afroasiatic cf. Dolg. *ḳwVŝ- (-ĉ-) 'scratch, scrape' (Sem., Omot., Chad.).
Reference : ND 1003, 1211 etc. (many roots); Guthrie 1186.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-notes,globet-reference,

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Afroasiatic etymology :

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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *guḥas-
Meaning: skin, scratch
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Semitic: *gVḥaš- 'skin (v.)'
Western Chadic: *gwaHVs- 'scratch'
Central Chadic: *nV-gas- < *nV-gVHas 'mark, make scratches on pottery'
Notes: Prefix *nV- in Chadic
afaset-meaning,afaset-prnum,afaset-sem,afaset-wch,afaset-cch,afaset-notes,

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Semitic etymology :

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Number: 1064
Proto-Semitic: *gVḥaš-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'skin (v.)'
Arabic: gḥs [-a-]
semet-proto,semet-prnum,semet-meaning,semet-ara,

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West Chadic etymology :

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Proto-WChadic: *gwaHVs-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'scratch'
Sha: ngôs [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-sha,

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Central Chadic etymology :

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Proto-CChadic: *n-gas-
Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology
Meaning: 'mark, make scratches on pottery (to decorate it)'
Mofu-Gudur: ngas- [BMaf]
cchet-prnum,cchet-meaning,cchet-mof,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *čV́(x)qV
Meaning: to scratch, scrape
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *č_VqV / *q_VčV
Sino-Tibetan: [*cĭk ~ *ć(h)-]
Yenisseian: *ǯ[e](ʔ)χV
Burushaski: *qhaṣ
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *č_VqV / *q_VčV
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to scratch, rub
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *χ:Vč-
Proto-Tsezian: *čãχ:- ( ~ -ʁ-)
Proto-Dargwa: *=išq-
Proto-Lezghian: *č̣iχ:an-
Notes: One of the few expressive verbal stems with the structure CVCV, demonstrating numerous metatheses and irregularities. Precise PEC is rather difficult (but it is not excluded that the root is an expressive derivate from *=Vwq_V 'to scratch, scrape' q.v.).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *χ:Vč- / *q:Vč-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to scrape
Avar: χ:ačá-
Chadakolob: qičí-ʁ-
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,

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Tsezian etymology :

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Proto-Tsezian: *čãχ:- ( ~ -ʁ-)
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to write
Bezhta: čaχ- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: čãχ-
Comments: PGB *čãχ-.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *=išq-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to scratch, scrape 2 to tear
Akusha: išq-
Chiragh: =isqI-
Comments: Cf. also Ur. =išq- / išq- id., and an expressive nominal derivate in Ak. qaIbš-bares, Chir. qIams ī 'to scrape'.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *č̣iχ:an-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 to scrape, rub 2 to fidget 3 to peel 4 to tear
Tabasaran: č̣u=ʁI- 1
Agul: č̣aχan- 4 (Bursh.)
Rutul: ʁa-č̣i=χa- 2
Tsakhur: č̣irχam aʔa- 1
Budukh: oč̣o=χn- 3
Comment: The Bud. verb means 'to peel (e.g. an apple); to hew, trim'; cf. also wo-č̣o=χn- 'to press'. An expressive PL root belonging to the strong verbal class, sometimes (e. g. in Tab.) with emphatic pharyngealisation. It seems probable to relate here, besides Tsakh. č̣irχam (which is a noun meaning 'scratch') also another nominal derivate: Rut. č̣ɨχIɨ-d 'rake'. Cf. also (with irregular development) Rut. ča=qʷa- 'to itch, scratch', Arch. χašá-s (3d cl. ba=χčá-s) 'to tear (off)'.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-bud,lezget-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: [*cĭk ~ *ć(h)-]
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: bite
Lushai: KC *tśik bite, sting (Mikir chek)
Lepcha: cuk
Comments: PG *ciC bite; Garo tśik-; Kanauri tśig; Rgyarung -mtśig; Magari dźik; Midzhu tśak; Vayu tśik; Dhimal ci-; Nishi che; Wancho (Konyak) tsat; Manipuri chik; Chepang ʒǝc-; Sichuan *ćhV; Maring chik. Sh. 53, 143, 186.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *ǯ[e]χV
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to shave
Ket: dɔ:3
Yug: d́ou3 // d́o:
Kottish: hāran-čex 'to hack, bevel' (pres. hāraŋōčeaŋ, imper. hāraŋālčex)
Comments: ССЕ 310. This verb is frequently used as a second component in complex verbal stems: Ket ittɔ́, Yug ittou3 'to make notches', Ket harɔ́, Yug fad́ou3 'to split, hack'; Yug ʌxand́ou5 'to split, stick in' = Kott. ax-čex, Kott hāran-čex 'to hack, bevel', ok-čex 'to kill' etc. Werner 1, 205 <*d'oʁǝ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *qhaṣ
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: to rub
Hunza: qhaṣ
Nagar: qhaṣ
Comments: Sh. khaṣ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,buruet-notes,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *kVs
Meaning: to scratch, scrape
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *ka:jh (also *ko:jh)
Austroasiatic meaning: to scratch, scrape
Munda parallels: Kar kɔi
Proto-Austronesian: *keskes
Austronesian meaning: scratch, scrape
Austronesian code: 12:25
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-mun,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-ancode,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ka:jh
Meaning: scratch
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Proto-Katuic: EK *ka:jh
Proto-Vietic: [*galh]
Proto-Monic: OM ka:s
References: S-36
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-bib,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *ka:jh
Meaning: scrape
Presyllable: #
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-East Katuic: *ka:jh
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-ekat,

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East Katuic etymology :

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Proto-East Katuic: *ka:jh
Meaning: scrape
Presyllable: #
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Lao Katu: ka:s
Lao Katu meaning: to scrape
Kri: kra:jh.B spread out evenly E?
Kantu dialects: ka:s
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-lka,ekatet-lkame,ekatet-kr,ekatet-kntt,

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Viet-Muong etymology :

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Proto-Viet-Muong: *ga:rh
Meaning: scratch
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Vietnamese: gãi
Vietnamese meaning: scratch
Muong dialect: kaj.4
Arem: ʔakæ:h
Proto-Ruc: *ka:r.4
Ruc (Russian field rec.): ka:r.4
Ruc meaning: to scratch
Thavung-So: ʔakas.3
Thavung-So meaning: to scratch; ʔaka:j.B.4 to scratch
Thavung: ʔaka:jh.1
Notes: F-97: *ʔa-ga:s
References: TC76, TC78
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-viet,vimet-vietme,vimet-anng,vimet-arem,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucme,vimet-so,vimet-some,vimet-tha,vimet-note,vimet-bib,

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Monic etymology :

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Proto-Monic:
Meaning: to shave oneself
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Modern Mon: kah
Old Mon: ka:s
Middle Mon: kaḥ
References: S-36
monet-meaning,monet-prnum,monet-word,monet-om,monet-mm,monet-bib,

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