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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *ki̯udu
Meaning: shore, border
Russian meaning: берег, граница
Comments: EAS 46, KW 233, Владимирцов 171, 318, Poppe 19, Лексика 94. Cf. perhaps MKor. kɨ̀th 'edge'. The Jpn. form must have originally meant 'border fortification, fortress'; there is hardly any reason to regard it as borrowed from Old Paekche, despite Miller 1979). altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kɨd-
Meaning: 1 edge, border, seashore, frontier 2 margin, edging
Russian meaning: 1 край, граница, берег 2 опушка, кайма
Old Turkic: qɨdɨɣ (OUygh.) 1
Turkish: kɨjɨ, kɨj 1
Sary-Yughur: qɨzɨɣ 1
Shor: qɨjɨɣ 2
Oyrat: quju 1
Chuvash: xǝrǝ 1
Yakut: kɨtɨ̄ 1, 2
Tuva: qɨdɨɣ 1, 2
Kirghiz: qɨjū 2
Kazakh: qɨjɨw 2
Noghai: qɨjuw 2
Karakalpak: qɨjɨw 2
Kumyk: qɨjɨw 2
Comments: EDT 598, VEWT 261, Лексика 94, ЭСТЯ 6, 196-197, 203. The root is also attested in verbal function (*Kɨdɨ- 'to border, hem'), see ЭСТЯ 6, 196. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-sjg,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kiǯaɣar
Meaning: border
Russian meaning: граница
Written Mongolian: kiǯaɣar (L 474) Middle Mongolian: kiǯa'ar (HY 50), kiǯi'ar (SH), qiǯāt pl. (MA 221) Khalkha: x́aʒgār ( < WMong.)
Buriat: xizār
Kalmuck: kizǟr, kizɛ̄r
Ordos: kiǯagār ( < Kh. or WMong.)
Dongxian: Gɨǯa
Monguor: giʒ́ār (SM 136), gǝǯār monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kudē
Meaning: 1 shore, land 2 to land
Russian meaning: 1 суша, берег 2 причаливать
Evenki: kudē 1
Literary Manchu: kude- 2
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-man,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kui ( ~ -ǝ-)
Meaning: fortress
Russian meaning: укрепление, крепость
Old Japanese: ki
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-comments,
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