Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ùp`í

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to grasp

Russian meaning: хватать

Turkic: *üp

Mongolian: *(h)öb

Korean: *op- / *up-

Japanese: *ùmpà-p-

Comments: Despite VEWT 522, hardly borrowed in Turkic < Mongolian; the reverse direction is possible, but semantics of the Mong. word speaks rather against it.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *üp

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to rob, snatch, abduct 2 trophies, treasures

Russian meaning: 1 похищать, грабить 2 трофеи, сокровища

Karakhanid: üple- 1 (MK)

Shor: öp 2

Oyrat: üp 2

Yakut: üp 2

Tuva: üp 2, üpte- 1

Kirghiz: üp 2

Comments: EDT 11, ЭСТЯ 1, 634-635, VEWT 521-522.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)öb

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: share, allotted part, inheritance

Russian meaning: надел, доля, наследство

Written Mongolian: öb (L 627)

Khalkha: öv

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *op- / *up-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to pick out, dig out

Russian meaning: вытаскивать, выкапывать

Modern Korean: obi-, ubi-

Middle Korean: upui-, upɨi-

Comments: Liu 593, KED 1201, 1239.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *ùmpà-p-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to grasp, seize

Russian meaning: хватать, захватывать

Old Japanese: ubap-

Middle Japanese: ubaf-

Tokyo: ubá-

Kyoto: úbá-

Kagoshima: ubá-

Comments: JLTT 777. The accent in Kagoshima is aberrant.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HaṗV

Meaning: to grasp

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *ùp`í

Uralic: FL *appV- 'to scoop, eat voraciously'

Kartvelian: *qp- (+ Georg. χaṗ- 'scoop out liquid')

References: ND 1879 *qVpʕV 'seize, hold'; 1844 *qabʔV 'to scoop, draw water' (hardly distinguishable).

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *qp-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: кусать

English meaning: to bite

Svan: qǝp- / qp-

Notes and references: Иллич-Свитыч (МССHЯ 371) сравнивает основу с ПИЕ *Hap- 'хватать, брать', алт. *abu / *apu id.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVPV

Meaning : to grasp

Eurasiatic : *HaṗV

Afroasiatic : *qafVʕ-

Austric : *ʔVp 'embrace'

Reference : ND 1844, 1879.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *qafVʕ-

Meaning: hold

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ḫVpw/y- 'pack'

Egyptian: ḫfʕ 'catch, grasp, pack' (pyr)

Western Chadic: *k/gaf- 'grasp, seize'1, 'tongs' 2

Dahalo (Sanye): ḥap- 'snatch quickly'

Notes: In Sem, ḥ and ʕ are incompatible.

Semitic etymology :

Number: 1882

Proto-Semitic: *ḫVpw/y-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'pack' 1, 'cover' 2, 'conceal' 3

Akkadian: ḫapû 1

Hebrew: ḥpy 2

Arabic: ḫpy 3

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ḫfʕ (pyr)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'catch, grasp, pack'

Notes: Cf. also h_fʕ 'fist' (pyr).

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *k/ga/uf-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'grasp, seize' 1, 'catch' 2, 'take a handful of' 3

Hausa: kaf 'security of hold' 1, gāp 2 'tongs'

Tangale: kɔɔbe 2 [JgT]

Pa'a: ḳǝfā̀ 3 [MS]

Geji: goop-ti 1, 2 [Cs N 783]

Mangas: kwup 1 [Cs]

Sayanchi: ŋgap 1 [Cs]

Boghom: kúp 1, 2 [Cs N 783]

Dwot: kap-ti 1, 2 [Cs N 783]

Ngizim: gàfáu 1 [ShN]

Bade: gaf 1 [Kr N ]

Dahalo etymology :

Dahalo: ḥap-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: snatch quickly

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔVp

Meaning: to embrace

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: ʔVp

Austroasiatic meaning: embrace

Proto-Thai: ʔo:p to embrace CK

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: ʔVp

Meaning: embrace

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: ʔo:p to embrace CK

Proto-Katuic: *ʔo:p

Khmer: ʔaop < OK ʔaup

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *ʔo:p

Meaning: to hug, cover up

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: KUI ʔo:p.N

Proto-East Katuic: *ʔo:p / *ʔop

References: P-1235

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic:

Meaning: to hug, cover up

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Kui: ʔɔ:p.N

Kui meaning: to embrace, hug

Kuay: ʔɔ:p.N

Kuay meaning: embrace

Ngeu: ʔo:p.N

Ngeu meaning: embrace

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *ʔɔ:p / *ʔop

Meaning: to hug, cover up

Presyllable: kǝ-/#

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: ʔop.T

Pakoh meaning: to cover over; ʔup to cover

Katu dialects (1): ʔaʔɔ:p

Katu dialects (2): kaʔɔ:p

Katu dialects (3): kaʔɔ:p "embrace"

Katu meaning: hen sits on eggs

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: ʔaop

Meaning: to hold with both arms

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: ʔaup

Old Khmer Meaning: to embrace

References: P57, JP432

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