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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *iĺkV
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to hope, believe
Russian meaning: надеяться, верить
Turkic: *ɨĺan- / *iĺen-
Mongolian: *ilga-
Tungus-Manchu: *ilkV-
Comments: Дыбо 14. A Western isogloss.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *ɨĺan- / *iĺen-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to believe, trust
Russian meaning: верить, доверять
Karakhanid: išen- (MK, KB)
Turkish: ɨšan- (dial.)
Tatar: ɨšan-
Middle Turkic: ɨšan- (Abush., Pav. C.)
Uzbek: išɔn-
Uighur: išan-, išän-
Sary-Yughur: isen-
Turkmen: ɨšan-
Khakassian: ĭzen-
Oyrat: ižen-
Chuvash: šan-, žen- (NW)
Yakut: isen- (Пек.)
Kirghiz: išen-
Kazakh: sen-
Noghai: sen-
Bashkir: ɨšan-
Balkar: išan-
Karaim: ɨšan-
Karakalpak: isen-
Comments: EDT 264, VEWT 174, ЭСТЯ 1, 673-674.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *ilga-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to discern, distinguish
Russian meaning: различать
Written Mongolian: ilɣa- (L 406)
Middle Mongolian: jilxa (HY 40)
Khalkha: jalga-
Buriat: ilga-
Kalmuck: ilɣǝ-
Ordos: ilga-
Dongxian: inGǝrǝ-, (j)inGara-
Dagur: jalga- (Тод. Даг. 147), jalegā (MD 168)
Shary-Yoghur: ǝlga-
Monguor: laGa- (SM 219), laGā-
Mogol: ZM elɣɔ̄ (6-6b)
Comments: KW 206, MGCD 733. Mong. > Oyr. ɨlɣa- etc. (VEWT 165, TMN 1, 194-195, ЭСТЯ 1, 652-653); > Man. ilga- (TMN 1, 195, Doerfer MT 137).
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ilkV-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to try 2 to hope
Russian meaning: 1 пробовать, пытаться 2 надеяться
Evenki: ilke- 1, ilkiče- 2
Even: ielkъt- 1
Negidal: ilki- 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 309.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *wiʎ/g/V
Meaning: to wish
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *wel-
Altaic: *iĺkV
Uralic: *vāδ'V 'желать' (Coll. 122)
References: МССНЯ 340; ND 2475 *waLʡE 'to wish, require' (+ dub. Ewk + Arab.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *(e)welǝ-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to choose, to wish
Old Indian: vr̥ṇīté, vr̥ṇā́ti, vr̥ṇoti, vr̥ṇute, aor. 3 sg. avr̥ta, ptc.vr̥tá- `to choose, ask, request', vará- `choosing', m. `chooser, lover, bride-groom', vára- `valuable, preferable', m. `act or object of choosing, boon, gift, reward'
Avestan: var- `wählen, wollen', vǝrǝn[a]-, vǝrǝnav-, ptc. varǝta-
Other Iranian: OPers var- `wählen, wollen'
Armenian: geɫ `Gefallen, Schönheit'
Old Greek: eéldomai̯, éldomai̯ `sich sehnen, wünschen, verlange', eéldōr, éldōr n. `Wunsch, Verlangen';
Slavic: *velḗti, *volī́tī, *voljā
Baltic: *wel̂- (*wel̂-meî), *wil̂-t-i c.
Germanic: *wil-ja- vb., *wul-ja- vb., *wil-jō f., *wil-ja- m., *wil-jan- m.; *wal-ja- vb.; *wal-a- n., *wal-ō f.
Latin: volō, volt, velle, voluī `wollen; die Absicht haben; übereinstimmen, wohlwollend sein'
Russ. meaning: выбирать, желать
References: WP I 294 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-iran,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: веле́ть,
Near etymology: велю́, укр. велiти, др.-русск., ст.-слав. велѣти, велѭ βούλεσθαι, θέλειν, κελεύειν, λέγειν (Супр.), болг., макед. ве́ля "говорю", сербохорв. диал. вѐљу, словен. veléti, чеш. veleti; чередование гласных: во́ля, довле́ть. Первонач. атематический гл. (Мейе, MSL 11, 323; 14, 374 и сл.).
Further etymology: Родственно лит. vélti, pavelti "хотеть, позволять", pavelt "он хочет", pavelmi "я хочу", другая ступень чередования: лит. viltìs ж. "надежда", viliúos "надеюсь", др.-сакс. williu "я хочу", лат. volo, volt, vult, velle "хотеть", др.-инд. vr̥ṇā́ti (vr̥ṇītḗ) "выбирает себе, предпочитает", váras м., ср. р. "желание", авест. vǝrǝntē "он выбирает себе", кимр. guell "лучше", греч. ἔλδωρ "желание", ἔλδομαι "желаю", гомер. ἐέλδομαι -- то же; см. Траутман, BSW 348; М. -- Э. 4,464; Буга, KS 1, 36; Буазак 239 и сл.; Сольмсен, Unters. gr. Lautl. 250.
Pages: 1,288
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *wel̂- (*wel̂-meî), *wil̂-t-i c.
Meaning: wish
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Old Lithuanian: vélmi, vélti 'wünschen, lieber wollen, erlauben'
Lithuanian: viltì-s (gen. -iẽs, acc. vil̃tį, dial. vìltį) `Hoffnung'
Lettish: viltiês 'hoffen; Ahnung haben'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *wiljan- vb., *wuljan- vb., *wiljō, *wilja-z, *wiljēn; *waljan- vb.; *wala-n, *walō
Meaning: want, will
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: wiljan irreg. wk. `want, will', wilja m. (n) `will; pleasure', *waljan wk. `select', silba-wilji-s m. (ja) `volunteer', *ga-wilji-s `unanimous'
Old Norse: vilja wk. `wollen'; velja wk. `wählen'; vili m.; val n. `Wahl, Auswahl', vil f., n. `Wille, Zuneigung, Lust'
Norwegian: vilja vb.; velja vb.; val; vil
Swedish: vilja vb.; vilja sbs.; välja vb.; val
Danish: ville vb.; välge vb.; valg
Old English: willan; willa; will, gewill
English: will
Old Frisian: willa vb.; willa
Old Saxon: willian; wellian; willio m.; will
Middle Dutch: willen; wille m., f.
Dutch: willen; wil m.
Old Franconian: willan; willo
Middle Low German: wille
Old High German: willo (8.Jh.) { willio } `Wille', obd. wellen `wollen' (8.Jh.), frk. wollen (9.Jh.); wellen (8.Jh.) `wählen'; wala f. `Wahl, Auswahl'
Middle High German: wɛllen, wollen, wöllen, wullen an. v. 'wollen, beabsichtigen, verlangen, wünschen'; wille wk./st. m. 'der wille, das wollen, belieben, wünschen, verlangen'; wɛln, wɛlen, wɛllen wk. 'wählen, er-, auswählen'; wal, wale st. f. 'wahl, auswahl, freie selbstbestimmung, verfügung; besondere weise, lage, schicksal'
German: wollen (will), Wille m., wählen, Wahl f.
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-swed,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-olfrank,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 2127
Root: u̯el-2, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)-
English meaning: to wish; to choose
German meaning: `wollen, wählen'
Derivatives: u̯olo- `Wahl', u̯l̥ti-s `Wunsch'
Material: A. Ai. unthemat. 3. Sg. Med. Aor. avr̥ta, Opt. vurīta, Partiz. urāṇá-; vr̥ṇītḗ, vr̥ṇnā́ti, vr̥ṇṓti, vr̥ṇutē `wählen, vorziehen, lieben', vr̥tá- `gewählt, erwünscht', vára- m. `Wunsch, Gegenstanddes Wunsches', vara- `vorzüglich, -st, besser, best', varīyaṁs- `besser', variṣṭha- `best', varya- `wählbar, vortrefflich, ausgezeichnet', varaṇa- n. `das Wählen, Wünschen', vāra- m. `Kostbares, Schatz' usw., vŕ̥thā `vergeblich', av. ap. var- `wählen, wollen' (3. Pl. Prät. Med.varatā, Opt. vairīmaidī), vǝrǝn[a]- (1. Sg. Med. vǝrǝnē), vǝrǝnav- (3. Du. Med. vǝrǝnvaitē; Partiz. Perf. Pass. varǝta-, vairya- `der beste, köstlich, wert'; auch av. var- `glauben';

    arm. geɫ `Gefallen, Schönheit' (vermutlich aus *u̯el-no-, vgl. cymr. gwell `besser'); ven. PNVolti-χnos, Voltiomnus, illyr. Voltius, Voltisa usw. (M. Lejeune BSL. 49, 41 ff.) aus *u̯l̥ti-;

    gr. λείω, λήω `will', nach Schwyzer Gr. Gr. 1, 676 aus *u̯lē(i)mi, Pl. *u̯leimé (?); lat. volō (*velō), vult (*velt), velle `wollen' (Opt. velim), voluntas, -ātis f. `guter Wille' (altes Partiz. *u̯olunt-tāt-s); nōlo, nevis, nevolt `ich will nicht' (*ne-volō); mālō `ich ziehe vor', rückgebildet nach mavolt (magis volt); umbr. eh-veltu `jubētō', veltu `dēligitō', ehvelklu `dēcrētum, ēdictum';

    mcymr. corn. bret. guell `besser', ncymr. gwell (*u̯el-no- `Vorzug, Wahl', oder zu u̯er-2, s. dort); gall. VN Vellavī, Catu-vellaunī (vgl. den ligur. ON Genava `Genf': raet. VN Genauni);

    got. wiljan, ahd. willu, wili, wëllan usw. `wollen'; got. wilja, ahd. uillo, willio usw. `Wille'; Kaus. Iter. got. waljan, aisl. velja, ahd. wellen `wählen' (= ai. varáyati `wählt für sich', aksl. voliti); ahd. wala f., aisl. val n. `Wahl' (: ai. vára- m.);

    lit. pa-vélmi, 3. Sg. pa-vélt, Infin. pa-vélti `wollen, erlauben', ablaut. viltìs f. `Hoffnung' (*u̯l̥tis), viliúos `hoffe'; aksl. veljǫ, velė́ti `wollen, befehlen', ablaut. volja f. `Wille', davon voljǫ, voliti `wollen, wünschen', im weiteren Ablaut do-vьljǫ, do-vъlěti `genügen'(*u̯olē-);

    über got. waíla, ahd. wela, wola usw. `wohl' vgl. Feist3 543.

    B. d-Erweiterung (d-Präsens): gr. ἔλδομαι, hom. ἐέλδομαι `sehne mich, verlange nach etwas', ἐέλδωρ n. `Wunsch, Verlangen';

    ir. fled, cymr. gwledd `Gastmahl, Fest' (*u̯l̥dā); gall. PN Vlido-rīx.

    С. p-Erweiterung: hom. ἔλπω `lasse hoffen', ἔλπομαι, ἐέλπομαι `hoffe', Perf. poet. ἔολπα; ἐλπίς, -ίδος f. `Hoffnung', ἐλπίζω `hoffe', hom. ἐλπωρή `Hoffnung', tiefstufig *ἄλπιστος, Sup. zu ἀλπαλέος, dissim. ἀρπαλέος `erwünscht, reizend', ἔπαλπνος `erwünscht' (r/n-St.); lat. volup(e) Adv. `vergnüglich, gerne', (*u̯olpi-, *u̯l̥pi-), voluptās `Vergnügen';

    fraglich hom. εἰλαπίνη `Fest', äol. ἐλλαπίνα (*ἐ-λαπ-ινᾱ?).

References: WP. I 294 f., WH. II 828 f., Trautmann 348 f., Specht KZ 62, 59 f., Vasmer 1, 180, 224, Frisk 78, 455, 485, 502 f.
Pages: 1137-1138
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : WVLV
Meaning : to wish
Eurasiatic : *wiʎ/g/V
Afroasiatic : ?? Ar. wlg-, wlʕ-
Sino-Caucasian : *nVŁ_wV (? *-VŁ_wV)
Reference : МССНЯ 340; ND 2475.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nVŁ_wV
Meaning: to love, desire
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *=inŁ_wV
Sino-Tibetan: *nīkʷ
Basque: *lehia
Comments and references : [For the NC form cf. alternatively PST *lŏ 1812 and perhaps Bur. Hun., Nag. halc̣ `to fall in love', *-jal `friend, protection'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=inŁ_wV
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to love, to want
Proto-Nakh: *l-aʔ-
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=iƛ̣:ʷ-
Proto-Lak: č:ʷa-
Proto-Dargwa: *=ik:-
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiƛ̣:an
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. See Trubetzkoy 1922, 241. Cf. also Urart. arnǝ, aranǝ 'favour, mercy' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 52).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Nakh etymology :

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Proto-Nakh: *l-aʔ-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to want, to wish
Chechen: laʔ-
Ingush: l-
Batsbi: l-aʔ-
Comments: Historically *l- here is not a prefix, but the root (with reduction < *=i(n)Ł_ʷ-), while *-aʔ- is a suffix. Therefore the Ing. form l-a (pres. l-ow) which looks as a contraction, may be in fact an archaism (without the laryngeal suffix -aʔ- present in Chech. and Bacb.).
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *=iƛ̣:ʷ-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to love, want, wish
Avar: =oƛ̣:-
Chadakolob: =aƛ̣n-
Chamalal: =oƛ̣:-id-
Tindi: =oƛ̣:-ij-
Godoberi: =uƛ̣:-
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-gdb,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: č:ʷa-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to want, wish, love
Lak form: č:ʷa-n
Comments: Cf. Khosr. č:ʷa-n id. Cf. also the nominal derivate: Lak. č:a-wu 'love'.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *=ik:-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to love
Akusha: =ig-es
Chiragh: =ik:ag- /=ik:-
Comments: In Chir. the terminative stem is reduplicated (probably an archaic feature, cf., e.g., the Tsakhur paradigm). A derived noun is Chir. ik:ana 'bride-groom', r-ik:ana 'bride' ("the beloved one"; an exact match is Ag. Bursh. k:ane-f 'bride-groom').
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔiƛ̣:an
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to love, to want
Lezghian: ḳan xun
Tabasaran: k:un xuz
Agul: k:an xas
Rutul: =ɨga-
Tsakhur: =ɨk:an-
Kryz: =ik-
Budukh: ji=k-
Archi: ƛ̣:an
Udi: b-uq:-sun (V.)
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. gun xus. The word belongs to the weak class in PL. In Tsakhur the terminative stem is reduplicated (cf. aor. ɨk:ɨjk:ɨn etc.). Rut., Tsakh. and Ud. reflect the Ablaut grade *-o-. Several languages (Lezg., Tab., Ag., Arch.) have a defective paradigm, reflecting only the stem *ʔiƛ̣:an (with initial reduction), either in a participial or finite (pres. ƛ̣:an in Arch.) function.

    See Бокарев 1961, 75; Лексика 1971, 253; Гигинейшвили 1977, 111.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nīkʷ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: desire
Chinese: 惄 *n_īkʷ hungry for, desirous.
Tibetan: gńog to desire, sńogs to envy.
Kiranti: *ńak 'ask, request' (?)
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kir,

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Chinese characters :

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Character: 惄
Modern (Beijing) reading: nì
Preclassic Old Chinese: n(h)īkʷ
Classic Old Chinese: n(h)īuk
Western Han Chinese: n(h)jǝ̄uk
Eastern Han Chinese: n(h)iǝ̄uk
Early Postclassic Chinese: n(h)iēuk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: n(h)iēk
Late Postclassic Chinese: n(h)iēk
Middle Chinese: niek
English meaning : be hungry, desirous
Russian meaning[s]: быть опечаленным, быть обеспокоенным (чем-л.)
Shuowen gloss: 飢餓也.從心.叔聲.一曰憂也.詩曰.**如調飢. [507]
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Radical: 61
Four-angle index: 8470
Karlgren code: 1031 p
Shijing occurrences: 10.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-shuowen,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-shijing,

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Kiranti etymology :

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Proto-Kiranti: *ńak ( ~ *ŋ-)
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Meaning: ask, request
Limbu: nākmaʔ, -nākt-/-nāk-
Kulung: ŋɔ̄ma
Yamphu: na:kma, ŋa:kma
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-lim,kiret-kul,kiret-yam,

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Limbu dictionary :

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Entry: na:kmaʔ, -na:kt-/-na:k-
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: vt.
Meaning: 1) request something, ask for something; 2) ask someone for something
Comments: 2) mɛna:ktaN mɛbi:ʔɛnchin They asked me for it, but I won't give it to them; cf. se:ndo:maʔ.
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-comments,

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Kulung dictionary :

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Entry: Nɔ:ma
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Grammar: vt-3 [1: Nɔk- 2: Nɔ:- 3: Nɔk-]
Meaning: ask for, request (reconstructed with the locative)
Nepali: māgnu.
kulet-prnum,kulet-pspeech,kulet-meaning,kulet-nepali,

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Yamphu dictionary :

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Entry: na:kma
Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology
Stem: <na:g- ; na:k->
Grammar: v.intr. & v.tr.
Meaning: to ask for, to request, to beg, also ŋa:kma.
Nepali: māgnu
yamet-prnum,yamet-stem,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-nepali,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *lehia
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 wish, desire, zeal 2 haste, hurry 3 persistence, longing
Bizkaian: leia 1, 2, 3
Gipuzkoan: (Andoain) leia 1, 2, 3
Low Navarrese: lehia 1, 2, 3
Lapurdian: lehia 1, 2, 3
Baztanese: leia 1, 2, 3
Zuberoan: lehía 1, 2, 3
Comments: The Bsq form is archaic, reflecting PSC *ŁinHwV, while PEC *=inŁwV represents a frequent PNC/PEC transposition, common in verbal roots.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-comments,

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